// Solve with no rock compressibility (linear eqn).
void IncompTpfa::solveIncomp(const double dt,
TwophaseState& state,
WellState& well_state)
{
// Set up properties.
computePerSolveDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
// Assemble.
UnstructuredGrid* gg = const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_);
int ok = ifs_tpfa_assemble(gg, &forces_, &trans_[0], &gpress_omegaweighted_[0], h_);
if (!ok) {
THROW("Failed assembling pressure system.");
}
// Solve.
linsolver_.solve(h_->A, h_->b, h_->x);
// Obtain solution.
ASSERT(int(state.pressure().size()) == grid_.number_of_cells);
ASSERT(int(state.faceflux().size()) == grid_.number_of_faces);
ifs_tpfa_solution soln = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
soln.cell_press = &state.pressure()[0];
soln.face_flux = &state.faceflux()[0];
if (wells_ != NULL) {
ASSERT(int(well_state.bhp().size()) == wells_->number_of_wells);
ASSERT(int(well_state.perfRates().size()) == wells_->well_connpos[ wells_->number_of_wells ]);
soln.well_flux = &well_state.perfRates()[0];
soln.well_press = &well_state.bhp()[0];
}
ifs_tpfa_press_flux(gg, &forces_, &trans_[0], h_, &soln);
}
/// Compute the output.
void IncompTpfa::computeResults(TwophaseState& state,
WellState& well_state) const
{
// Make sure h_ contains the direct-solution matrix
// and right hand side (not jacobian and residual).
// TODO: optimize by only adjusting b and diagonal of A.
UnstructuredGrid* gg = const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_);
ifs_tpfa_assemble(gg, &forces_, &trans_[0], &gpress_omegaweighted_[0], h_);
// Make sure h_->x contains the direct solution vector.
ASSERT(int(state.pressure().size()) == grid_.number_of_cells);
ASSERT(int(state.faceflux().size()) == grid_.number_of_faces);
std::copy(state.pressure().begin(), state.pressure().end(), h_->x);
std::copy(well_state.bhp().begin(), well_state.bhp().end(), h_->x + grid_.number_of_cells);
// Obtain solution.
ifs_tpfa_solution soln = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
soln.cell_press = &state.pressure()[0];
soln.face_flux = &state.faceflux()[0];
if (wells_ != NULL) {
ASSERT(int(well_state.bhp().size()) == wells_->number_of_wells);
ASSERT(int(well_state.perfRates().size()) == wells_->well_connpos[ wells_->number_of_wells ]);
soln.well_flux = &well_state.perfRates()[0];
soln.well_press = &well_state.bhp()[0];
}
ifs_tpfa_press_flux(gg, &forces_, &trans_[0], h_, &soln); // TODO: Check what parts of h_ are used here.
}
/// Solve for saturation at next timestep.
/// \param[in] porevolume Array of pore volumes.
/// \param[in] source Transport source term. For interpretation see Opm::computeTransportSource().
/// \param[in] dt Time step.
/// \param[in, out] state Reservoir state. Calling solve() will read state.faceflux() and
/// read and write state.saturation().
void TransportSolverTwophaseImplicit::solve(const double* porevolume,
const double* source,
const double dt,
TwophaseState& state)
{
// A very crude check for constant porosity (i.e. no rock-compressibility).
if (porevolume[0] != initial_porevolume_cell0_) {
THROW("Detected changed pore volumes, but solver cannot handle rock compressibility.");
}
double ssrc[] = { 1.0, 0.0 };
double dummy[] = { 0.0, 0.0 };
clear_transport_source(tsrc_);
const int num_phases = 2;
for (int cell = 0; cell < grid_.number_of_cells; ++cell) {
int success = 1;
if (source[cell] > 0.0) {
success = append_transport_source(cell, num_phases, state.pressure()[cell], source[cell], ssrc, dummy, tsrc_);
} else if (source[cell] < 0.0) {
success = append_transport_source(cell, num_phases, state.pressure()[cell], source[cell], dummy, dummy, tsrc_);
}
if (!success) {
THROW("Failed building TransportSource struct.");
}
}
Opm::ImplicitTransportDetails::NRReport rpt;
tsolver_.solve(grid_, tsrc_, dt, ctrl_, state, linsolver_, rpt);
std::cout << rpt;
}
void
VertEqImpl::downscale (const TwophaseState &coarseScale,
TwophaseState &fineScale) {
// assume that the fineScale storage is already initialized
if (!fineScale.pressure().size() == ts->number_of_cells) {
throw OPM_EXC ("Fine scale state is not dimensioned correctly");
}
// properties object handle the actual downscaling since it
// already has the information about the interface.
// update the coarse saturation *before* we downscale to 3D,
// since we need the residual interface for that.
pr->upd_res_sat (&coarseScale.saturation ()[0]);
pr->downscale_saturation (&coarseScale.saturation ()[0],
&fineScale.saturation ()[0]);
pr->downscale_pressure (&coarseScale.saturation ()[0],
&coarseScale.pressure ()[0],
&fineScale.pressure ()[0]);
}
/// Compute per-iteration dynamic properties.
void IncompTpfa::computePerIterationDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
const TwophaseState& state,
const WellState& well_state)
{
// These are the variables that get computed by this function:
//
// std::vector<double> porevol_
// std::vector<double> rock_comp_
// std::vector<double> pressures_
computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), porevol_);
if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
for (int cell = 0; cell < grid_.number_of_cells; ++cell) {
rock_comp_[cell] = rock_comp_props_->rockComp(state.pressure()[cell]);
}
}
if (wells_) {
std::copy(state.pressure().begin(), state.pressure().end(), pressures_.begin());
std::copy(well_state.bhp().begin(), well_state.bhp().end(), pressures_.begin() + grid_.number_of_cells);
}
}
/// Compute the residual in h_->b and Jacobian in h_->A.
void IncompTpfa::assemble(const double dt,
const TwophaseState& state,
const WellState& /*well_state*/)
{
const double* pressures = wells_ ? &pressures_[0] : &state.pressure()[0];
bool ok = ifs_tpfa_assemble_comprock_increment(const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_),
&forces_, &trans_[0], &gpress_omegaweighted_[0],
&porevol_[0], &rock_comp_[0], dt, pressures,
&initial_porevol_[0], h_);
if (!ok) {
THROW("Failed assembling pressure system.");
}
}
void
VertEqImpl::upscale (const TwophaseState& fineScale,
TwophaseState& coarseScale) {
// dimension state object to the top grid
coarseScale.init (*ts, pr->numPhases ());
// upscale pressure and saturation to find the initial state of
// the two-dimensional domain. we only need to set the pressure
// and saturation, the flux is an output field. these methods
// are handled by the props class, since it already has access to
// the densities and weights.
pr->upscale_saturation (&fineScale.saturation ()[0],
&coarseScale.saturation ()[0]);
pr->upd_res_sat (&coarseScale.saturation ()[0]);
pr->upscale_pressure (&coarseScale.saturation ()[0],
&fineScale.pressure ()[0],
&coarseScale.pressure ()[0]);
// use the regular helper method to initialize the face pressure
// since it is implemented in the header, we have access to it
// even though it is in an anonymous namespace!
const UnstructuredGrid& g = this->grid();
initFacePressure (UgGridHelpers::dimensions (g),
UgGridHelpers::numFaces (g),
UgGridHelpers::faceCells (g),
UgGridHelpers::beginFaceCentroids (g),
UgGridHelpers::beginCellCentroids (g),
coarseScale);
// update the properties from the initial state (the
// simulation object won't call this method before the
// first timestep; it assumes that the state is initialized
// accordingly (which is what we do here now)
notify (coarseScale);
}
/// Compute per-solve dynamic properties.
void IncompTpfa::computePerSolveDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
const TwophaseState& state,
const WellState& /*well_state*/)
{
// Computed here:
//
// std::vector<double> wdp_;
// std::vector<double> totmob_;
// std::vector<double> omega_;
// std::vector<double> trans_;
// std::vector<double> gpress_omegaweighted_;
// std::vector<double> initial_porevol_;
// ifs_tpfa_forces forces_;
// wdp_
if (wells_) {
Opm::computeWDP(*wells_, grid_, state.saturation(), props_.density(),
gravity_ ? gravity_[2] : 0.0, true, wdp_);
}
// totmob_, omega_, gpress_omegaweighted_
if (gravity_) {
computeTotalMobilityOmega(props_, allcells_, state.saturation(), totmob_, omega_);
mim_ip_density_update(grid_.number_of_cells, grid_.cell_facepos,
&omega_[0],
&gpress_[0], &gpress_omegaweighted_[0]);
} else {
computeTotalMobility(props_, allcells_, state.saturation(), totmob_);
}
// trans_
tpfa_eff_trans_compute(const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_), &totmob_[0], &htrans_[0], &trans_[0]);
// initial_porevol_
if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), initial_porevol_);
}
// forces_
forces_.src = src_.empty() ? NULL : &src_[0];
forces_.bc = bcs_;
forces_.W = wells_;
forces_.totmob = &totmob_[0];
forces_.wdp = wdp_.empty() ? NULL : &wdp_[0];
}
/// \page tutorial3
/// \section commentedsource1 Program walk-through.
/// \details
/// Main function
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp main
/// \internal [main]
int main ()
try
{
/// \internal [main]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details
/// We define the grid. A Cartesian grid with 400 cells,
/// each being 10m along each side. Note that we treat the
/// grid as 3-dimensional, but have a thickness of only one
/// layer in the Z direction.
///
/// The Opm::GridManager is responsible for creating and destroying the grid,
/// the UnstructuredGrid data structure contains the actual grid topology
/// and geometry.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp grid
/// \internal [grid]
int nx = 20;
int ny = 20;
int nz = 1;
double dx = 10.0;
double dy = 10.0;
double dz = 10.0;
using namespace Opm;
GridManager grid_manager(nx, ny, nz, dx, dy, dz);
const UnstructuredGrid& grid = *grid_manager.c_grid();
int num_cells = grid.number_of_cells;
/// \internal [grid]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details
/// We define the properties of the fluid.\n
/// Number of phases, phase densities, phase viscosities,
/// rock porosity and permeability.
///
/// We always use SI units in the simulator. Many units are
/// available for use, however. They are stored as constants in
/// the Opm::unit namespace, while prefixes are in the Opm::prefix
/// namespace. See Units.hpp for more.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp set properties
/// \internal [set properties]
int num_phases = 2;
using namespace Opm::unit;
using namespace Opm::prefix;
std::vector<double> density(num_phases, 1000.0);
std::vector<double> viscosity(num_phases, 1.0*centi*Poise);
double porosity = 0.5;
double permeability = 10.0*milli*darcy;
/// \internal [set properties]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We define the relative permeability function. We use a basic fluid
/// description and set this function to be linear. For more realistic fluid, the
/// saturation function may be interpolated from experimental data.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp relperm
/// \internal [relperm]
SaturationPropsBasic::RelPermFunc rel_perm_func = SaturationPropsBasic::Linear;
/// \internal [relperm]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We construct a basic fluid and rock property object
/// with the properties we have defined above. Each property is
/// constant and hold for all cells.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp properties
/// \internal [properties]
IncompPropertiesBasic props(num_phases, rel_perm_func, density, viscosity,
porosity, permeability, grid.dimensions, num_cells);
/// \internal [properties]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Gravity parameters. Here, we set zero gravity.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp gravity
/// \internal [gravity]
const double *grav = 0;
std::vector<double> omega;
/// \internal [gravity]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We set up the source term. Positive numbers indicate that the cell is a source,
/// while negative numbers indicate a sink.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp source
/// \internal [source]
std::vector<double> src(num_cells, 0.0);
src[0] = 1.;
src[num_cells-1] = -1.;
/// \internal [source]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We set up the boundary conditions. Letting bcs be empty is equivalent
/// to no-flow boundary conditions.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp boundary
/// \internal [boundary]
FlowBCManager bcs;
/// \internal [boundary]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We may now set up the pressure solver. At this point,
/// unchanging parameters such as transmissibility are computed
/// and stored internally by the IncompTpfa class. The null pointer
/// constructor argument is for wells, which are not used in this tutorial.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp pressure solver
/// \internal [pressure solver]
LinearSolverUmfpack linsolver;
IncompTpfa psolver(grid, props, linsolver, grav, NULL, src, bcs.c_bcs());
/// \internal [pressure solver]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We set up a state object for the wells. Here, there are
/// no wells and we let it remain empty.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp well
/// \internal [well]
WellState well_state;
/// \internal [well]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We compute the pore volume
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp pore volume
/// \internal [pore volume]
std::vector<double> porevol;
Opm::computePorevolume(grid, props.porosity(), porevol);
/// \internal [pore volume]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Set up the transport solver. This is a reordering implicit Euler transport solver.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp transport solver
/// \internal [transport solver]
const double tolerance = 1e-9;
const int max_iterations = 30;
Opm::TransportSolverTwophaseReorder transport_solver(grid, props, NULL, tolerance, max_iterations);
/// \internal [transport solver]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Time integration parameters
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp time parameters
/// \internal [time parameters]
const double dt = 0.1*day;
const int num_time_steps = 20;
/// \internal [time parameters]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details We define a vector which contains all cell indexes. We use this
/// vector to set up parameters on the whole domain.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp cell indexes
/// \internal [cell indexes]
std::vector<int> allcells(num_cells);
for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
allcells[cell] = cell;
}
/// \internal [cell indexes]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details
/// We set up a two-phase state object, and
/// initialize water saturation to minimum everywhere.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp two-phase state
/// \internal [two-phase state]
TwophaseState state;
state.init(grid.number_of_cells , grid.number_of_faces, 2);
initSaturation( allcells , props , state , MinSat );
/// \internal [two-phase state]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details This string stream will be used to construct a new
/// output filename at each timestep.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp output stream
/// \internal [output stream]
std::ostringstream vtkfilename;
/// \internal [output stream]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Loop over the time steps.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp time loop
/// \internal [time loop]
for (int i = 0; i < num_time_steps; ++i) {
/// \internal [time loop]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Solve the pressure equation
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp solve pressure
/// \internal [solve pressure]
psolver.solve(dt, state, well_state);
/// \internal [solve pressure]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Solve the transport equation.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp transport solve
/// \internal [transport solve]
transport_solver.solve(&porevol[0], &src[0], dt, state);
/// \internal [transport solve]
/// \endinternal
/// \page tutorial3
/// \details Write the output to file.
/// \snippet tutorial3.cpp write output
/// \internal [write output]
vtkfilename.str("");
vtkfilename << "tutorial3-" << std::setw(3) << std::setfill('0') << i << ".vtu";
std::ofstream vtkfile(vtkfilename.str().c_str());
Opm::DataMap dm;
dm["saturation"] = &state.saturation();
dm["pressure"] = &state.pressure();
Opm::writeVtkData(grid, dm, vtkfile);
}
}
catch (const std::exception &e) {
std::cerr << "Program threw an exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
throw;
}
// ----------------- Main program -----------------
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
using namespace Opm;
std::cout << "\n================ Test program for incompressible two-phase flow ===============\n\n";
parameter::ParameterGroup param(argc, argv, false);
std::cout << "--------------- Reading parameters ---------------" << std::endl;
// If we have a "deck_filename", grid and props will be read from that.
bool use_deck = param.has("deck_filename");
boost::scoped_ptr<EclipseGridParser> deck;
boost::scoped_ptr<GridManager> grid;
boost::scoped_ptr<IncompPropertiesInterface> props;
boost::scoped_ptr<RockCompressibility> rock_comp;
TwophaseState state;
// bool check_well_controls = false;
// int max_well_control_iterations = 0;
double gravity[3] = { 0.0 };
if (use_deck) {
std::string deck_filename = param.get<std::string>("deck_filename");
deck.reset(new EclipseGridParser(deck_filename));
// Grid init
grid.reset(new GridManager(*deck));
// Rock and fluid init
props.reset(new IncompPropertiesFromDeck(*deck, *grid->c_grid()));
// check_well_controls = param.getDefault("check_well_controls", false);
// max_well_control_iterations = param.getDefault("max_well_control_iterations", 10);
// Rock compressibility.
rock_comp.reset(new RockCompressibility(*deck));
// Gravity.
gravity[2] = deck->hasField("NOGRAV") ? 0.0 : unit::gravity;
// Init state variables (saturation and pressure).
if (param.has("init_saturation")) {
initStateBasic(*grid->c_grid(), *props, param, gravity[2], state);
} else {
initStateFromDeck(*grid->c_grid(), *props, *deck, gravity[2], state);
}
} else {
// Grid init.
const int nx = param.getDefault("nx", 100);
const int ny = param.getDefault("ny", 100);
const int nz = param.getDefault("nz", 1);
const double dx = param.getDefault("dx", 1.0);
const double dy = param.getDefault("dy", 1.0);
const double dz = param.getDefault("dz", 1.0);
grid.reset(new GridManager(nx, ny, nz, dx, dy, dz));
// Rock and fluid init.
props.reset(new IncompPropertiesBasic(param, grid->c_grid()->dimensions, grid->c_grid()->number_of_cells));
// Rock compressibility.
rock_comp.reset(new RockCompressibility(param));
// Gravity.
gravity[2] = param.getDefault("gravity", 0.0);
// Init state variables (saturation and pressure).
initStateBasic(*grid->c_grid(), *props, param, gravity[2], state);
}
// Warn if gravity but no density difference.
bool use_gravity = (gravity[0] != 0.0 || gravity[1] != 0.0 || gravity[2] != 0.0);
if (use_gravity) {
if (props->density()[0] == props->density()[1]) {
std::cout << "**** Warning: nonzero gravity, but zero density difference." << std::endl;
}
}
const double *grav = use_gravity ? &gravity[0] : 0;
// Initialising src
int num_cells = grid->c_grid()->number_of_cells;
std::vector<double> src(num_cells, 0.0);
if (use_deck) {
// Do nothing, wells will be the driving force, not source terms.
} else {
// Compute pore volumes, in order to enable specifying injection rate
// terms of total pore volume.
std::vector<double> porevol;
if (rock_comp->isActive()) {
computePorevolume(*grid->c_grid(), props->porosity(), *rock_comp, state.pressure(), porevol);
} else {
computePorevolume(*grid->c_grid(), props->porosity(), porevol);
}
const double tot_porevol_init = std::accumulate(porevol.begin(), porevol.end(), 0.0);
const double default_injection = use_gravity ? 0.0 : 0.1;
const double flow_per_sec = param.getDefault<double>("injected_porevolumes_per_day", default_injection)
*tot_porevol_init/unit::day;
src[0] = flow_per_sec;
src[num_cells - 1] = -flow_per_sec;
}
// Boundary conditions.
FlowBCManager bcs;
if (param.getDefault("use_pside", false)) {
int pside = param.get<int>("pside");
double pside_pressure = param.get<double>("pside_pressure");
bcs.pressureSide(*grid->c_grid(), FlowBCManager::Side(pside), pside_pressure);
}
// Linear solver.
LinearSolverFactory linsolver(param);
// Write parameters used for later reference.
bool output = param.getDefault("output", true);
std::ofstream epoch_os;
std::string output_dir;
if (output) {
output_dir =
param.getDefault("output_dir", std::string("output"));
boost::filesystem::path fpath(output_dir);
try {
create_directories(fpath);
}
catch (...) {
THROW("Creating directories failed: " << fpath);
}
std::string filename = output_dir + "/epoch_timing.param";
epoch_os.open(filename.c_str(), std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
// open file to clean it. The file is appended to in SimulatorTwophase
filename = output_dir + "/step_timing.param";
std::fstream step_os(filename.c_str(), std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
step_os.close();
param.writeParam(output_dir + "/simulation.param");
}
std::cout << "\n\n================ Starting main simulation loop ===============\n"
<< " (number of epochs: "
<< (use_deck ? deck->numberOfEpochs() : 1) << ")\n\n" << std::flush;
SimulatorReport rep;
if (!use_deck) {
// Simple simulation without a deck.
WellsManager wells; // no wells.
SimulatorIncompTwophase simulator(param,
*grid->c_grid(),
*props,
rock_comp->isActive() ? rock_comp.get() : 0,
wells,
src,
bcs.c_bcs(),
linsolver,
grav);
SimulatorTimer simtimer;
simtimer.init(param);
warnIfUnusedParams(param);
WellState well_state;
well_state.init(0, state);
rep = simulator.run(simtimer, state, well_state);
} else {
// With a deck, we may have more epochs etc.
WellState well_state;
int step = 0;
SimulatorTimer simtimer;
// Use timer for last epoch to obtain total time.
deck->setCurrentEpoch(deck->numberOfEpochs() - 1);
simtimer.init(*deck);
const double total_time = simtimer.totalTime();
for (int epoch = 0; epoch < deck->numberOfEpochs(); ++epoch) {
// Set epoch index.
deck->setCurrentEpoch(epoch);
// Update the timer.
if (deck->hasField("TSTEP")) {
simtimer.init(*deck);
} else {
if (epoch != 0) {
THROW("No TSTEP in deck for epoch " << epoch);
}
simtimer.init(param);
}
simtimer.setCurrentStepNum(step);
simtimer.setTotalTime(total_time);
// Report on start of epoch.
std::cout << "\n\n-------------- Starting epoch " << epoch << " --------------"
<< "\n (number of steps: "
<< simtimer.numSteps() - step << ")\n\n" << std::flush;
// Create new wells, well_state
WellsManager wells(*deck, *grid->c_grid(), props->permeability());
// @@@ HACK: we should really make a new well state and
// properly transfer old well state to it every epoch,
// since number of wells may change etc.
if (epoch == 0) {
well_state.init(wells.c_wells(), state);
}
// Create and run simulator.
SimulatorIncompTwophase simulator(param,
*grid->c_grid(),
*props,
rock_comp->isActive() ? rock_comp.get() : 0,
wells,
src,
bcs.c_bcs(),
linsolver,
grav);
if (epoch == 0) {
warnIfUnusedParams(param);
}
SimulatorReport epoch_rep = simulator.run(simtimer, state, well_state);
if (output) {
epoch_rep.reportParam(epoch_os);
}
// Update total timing report and remember step number.
rep += epoch_rep;
step = simtimer.currentStepNum();
}
}
std::cout << "\n\n================ End of simulation ===============\n\n";
rep.report(std::cout);
if (output) {
std::string filename = output_dir + "/walltime.param";
std::fstream tot_os(filename.c_str(),std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
rep.reportParam(tot_os);
}
}
// Solve with rock compressibility (nonlinear eqn).
void IncompTpfa::solveRockComp(const double dt,
TwophaseState& state,
WellState& well_state)
{
// This function is identical to CompressibleTpfa::solve().
// \TODO refactor?
const int nc = grid_.number_of_cells;
const int nw = (wells_) ? wells_->number_of_wells : 0;
// Set up dynamic data.
computePerSolveDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
computePerIterationDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
// Assemble J and F.
assemble(dt, state, well_state);
double inc_norm = 0.0;
int iter = 0;
double res_norm = residualNorm();
std::cout << "\nIteration Residual Change in p\n"
<< std::setw(9) << iter
<< std::setw(18) << res_norm
<< std::setw(18) << '*' << std::endl;
while ((iter < maxiter_) && (res_norm > residual_tol_)) {
// Solve for increment in Newton method:
// incr = x_{n+1} - x_{n} = -J^{-1}F
// (J is Jacobian matrix, F is residual)
solveIncrement();
++iter;
// Update pressure vars with increment.
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
state.pressure()[c] += h_->x[c];
}
for (int w = 0; w < nw; ++w) {
well_state.bhp()[w] += h_->x[nc + w];
}
// Stop iterating if increment is small.
inc_norm = incrementNorm();
if (inc_norm <= change_tol_) {
std::cout << std::setw(9) << iter
<< std::setw(18) << '*'
<< std::setw(18) << inc_norm << std::endl;
break;
}
// Set up dynamic data.
computePerIterationDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
// Assemble J and F.
assemble(dt, state, well_state);
// Update residual norm.
res_norm = residualNorm();
std::cout << std::setw(9) << iter
<< std::setw(18) << res_norm
<< std::setw(18) << inc_norm << std::endl;
}
if ((iter == maxiter_) && (res_norm > residual_tol_) && (inc_norm > change_tol_)) {
THROW("IncompTpfa::solve() failed to converge in " << maxiter_ << " iterations.");
}
std::cout << "Solved pressure in " << iter << " iterations." << std::endl;
// Compute fluxes and face pressures.
computeResults(state, well_state);
}
SimulatorReport SimulatorIncompTwophase::Impl::run(SimulatorTimer& timer,
TwophaseState& state,
WellState& well_state)
{
std::vector<double> transport_src;
// Initialisation.
std::vector<double> porevol;
if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), porevol);
} else {
computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), porevol);
}
const double tot_porevol_init = std::accumulate(porevol.begin(), porevol.end(), 0.0);
std::vector<double> initial_porevol = porevol;
// Main simulation loop.
Opm::time::StopWatch pressure_timer;
double ptime = 0.0;
Opm::time::StopWatch transport_timer;
double ttime = 0.0;
Opm::time::StopWatch callback_timer;
double time_in_callbacks = 0.0;
Opm::time::StopWatch step_timer;
Opm::time::StopWatch total_timer;
total_timer.start();
double init_satvol[2] = { 0.0 };
double satvol[2] = { 0.0 };
double tot_injected[2] = { 0.0 };
double tot_produced[2] = { 0.0 };
Opm::computeSaturatedVol(porevol, state.saturation(), init_satvol);
*log_ << "\nInitial saturations are " << init_satvol[0]/tot_porevol_init
<< " " << init_satvol[1]/tot_porevol_init << std::endl;
Opm::Watercut watercut;
watercut.push(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
Opm::WellReport wellreport;
std::vector<double> fractional_flows;
std::vector<double> well_resflows_phase;
if (wells_) {
well_resflows_phase.resize((wells_->number_of_phases)*(wells_->number_of_wells), 0.0);
wellreport.push(props_, *wells_, state.saturation(), 0.0, well_state.bhp(), well_state.perfRates());
}
std::fstream tstep_os;
if (output_) {
std::string filename = output_dir_ + "/step_timing.param";
tstep_os.open(filename.c_str(), std::fstream::out | std::fstream::app);
}
while (!timer.done()) {
// Report timestep and (optionally) write state to disk.
step_timer.start();
timer.report(*log_);
if (output_ && (timer.currentStepNum() % output_interval_ == 0)) {
if (output_vtk_) {
outputStateVtk(grid_, state, timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
}
outputStateMatlab(grid_, state, timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
if (use_reorder_) {
// This use of dynamic_cast is not ideal, but should be safe.
outputVectorMatlab(std::string("reorder_it"),
dynamic_cast<const TransportSolverTwophaseReorder&>(*tsolver_).getReorderIterations(),
timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
}
}
SimulatorReport sreport;
// Solve pressure equation.
if (check_well_controls_) {
computeFractionalFlow(props_, allcells_, state.saturation(), fractional_flows);
wells_manager_.applyExplicitReinjectionControls(well_resflows_phase, well_resflows_phase);
}
bool well_control_passed = !check_well_controls_;
int well_control_iteration = 0;
do {
// Run solver.
pressure_timer.start();
std::vector<double> initial_pressure = state.pressure();
psolver_.solve(timer.currentStepLength(), state, well_state);
// Renormalize pressure if rock is incompressible, and
// there are no pressure conditions (bcs or wells).
// It is deemed sufficient for now to renormalize
// using geometric volume instead of pore volume.
if ((rock_comp_props_ == NULL || !rock_comp_props_->isActive())
&& allNeumannBCs(bcs_) && allRateWells(wells_)) {
// Compute average pressures of previous and last
// step, and total volume.
double av_prev_press = 0.0;
double av_press = 0.0;
double tot_vol = 0.0;
const int num_cells = grid_.number_of_cells;
for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
av_prev_press += initial_pressure[cell]*grid_.cell_volumes[cell];
av_press += state.pressure()[cell]*grid_.cell_volumes[cell];
tot_vol += grid_.cell_volumes[cell];
}
// Renormalization constant
const double ren_const = (av_prev_press - av_press)/tot_vol;
for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
state.pressure()[cell] += ren_const;
}
const int num_wells = (wells_ == NULL) ? 0 : wells_->number_of_wells;
for (int well = 0; well < num_wells; ++well) {
well_state.bhp()[well] += ren_const;
}
}
// Stop timer and report.
pressure_timer.stop();
double pt = pressure_timer.secsSinceStart();
*log_ << "Pressure solver took: " << pt << " seconds." << std::endl;
ptime += pt;
sreport.pressure_time = pt;
// Optionally, check if well controls are satisfied.
if (check_well_controls_) {
Opm::computePhaseFlowRatesPerWell(*wells_,
well_state.perfRates(),
fractional_flows,
well_resflows_phase);
*log_ << "Checking well conditions." << std::endl;
// For testing we set surface := reservoir
well_control_passed = wells_manager_.conditionsMet(well_state.bhp(), well_resflows_phase, well_resflows_phase);
++well_control_iteration;
if (!well_control_passed && well_control_iteration > max_well_control_iterations_) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Could not satisfy well conditions in " << max_well_control_iterations_ << " tries.");
}
if (!well_control_passed) {
*log_ << "Well controls not passed, solving again." << std::endl;
} else {
*log_ << "Well conditions met." << std::endl;
}
}
} while (!well_control_passed);
// Update pore volumes if rock is compressible.
if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
initial_porevol = porevol;
computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), porevol);
}
// Process transport sources (to include bdy terms and well flows).
Opm::computeTransportSource(grid_, src_, state.faceflux(), 1.0,
wells_, well_state.perfRates(), transport_src);
// Solve transport.
transport_timer.start();
double stepsize = timer.currentStepLength();
if (num_transport_substeps_ != 1) {
stepsize /= double(num_transport_substeps_);
*log_ << "Making " << num_transport_substeps_ << " transport substeps." << std::endl;
}
double injected[2] = { 0.0 };
double produced[2] = { 0.0 };
for (int tr_substep = 0; tr_substep < num_transport_substeps_; ++tr_substep) {
tsolver_->solve(&initial_porevol[0], &transport_src[0], stepsize, state);
double substep_injected[2] = { 0.0 };
double substep_produced[2] = { 0.0 };
Opm::computeInjectedProduced(props_, state.saturation(), transport_src, stepsize,
substep_injected, substep_produced);
injected[0] += substep_injected[0];
injected[1] += substep_injected[1];
produced[0] += substep_produced[0];
produced[1] += substep_produced[1];
if (use_reorder_ && use_segregation_split_) {
// Again, unfortunate but safe use of dynamic_cast.
// Possible solution: refactor gravity solver to its own class.
dynamic_cast<TransportSolverTwophaseReorder&>(*tsolver_)
.solveGravity(&initial_porevol[0], stepsize, state);
}
watercut.push(timer.simulationTimeElapsed() + timer.currentStepLength(),
produced[0]/(produced[0] + produced[1]),
tot_produced[0]/tot_porevol_init);
if (wells_) {
wellreport.push(props_, *wells_, state.saturation(),
timer.simulationTimeElapsed() + timer.currentStepLength(),
well_state.bhp(), well_state.perfRates());
}
}
transport_timer.stop();
double tt = transport_timer.secsSinceStart();
sreport.transport_time = tt;
*log_ << "Transport solver took: " << tt << " seconds." << std::endl;
ttime += tt;
// Report volume balances.
Opm::computeSaturatedVol(porevol, state.saturation(), satvol);
tot_injected[0] += injected[0];
tot_injected[1] += injected[1];
tot_produced[0] += produced[0];
tot_produced[1] += produced[1];
reportVolumes(*log_, satvol, tot_porevol_init,
tot_injected, tot_produced,
injected, produced,
init_satvol);
sreport.total_time = step_timer.secsSinceStart();
if (output_) {
sreport.reportParam(tstep_os);
}
// advance the timer to the end of the timestep *before* notifying
// the client that the timestep is done
++timer;
// notify all clients that we are done with the timestep
callback_timer.start ();
timestep_completed_.signal ();
callback_timer.stop ();
time_in_callbacks += callback_timer.secsSinceStart ();
}
if (output_) {
if (output_vtk_) {
outputStateVtk(grid_, state, timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
}
outputStateMatlab(grid_, state, timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
if (use_reorder_) {
// This use of dynamic_cast is not ideal, but should be safe.
outputVectorMatlab(std::string("reorder_it"),
dynamic_cast<const TransportSolverTwophaseReorder&>(*tsolver_).getReorderIterations(),
timer.currentStepNum(), output_dir_);
}
outputWaterCut(watercut, output_dir_);
if (wells_) {
outputWellReport(wellreport, output_dir_);
}
tstep_os.close();
}
total_timer.stop();
SimulatorReport report;
report.pressure_time = ptime;
report.transport_time = ttime;
report.total_time = total_timer.secsSinceStart() - time_in_callbacks;
return report;
}
// ----------------- Main program -----------------
int
main(int argc, char** argv)
try
{
using namespace Opm;
std::cout << "\n================ Test program for incompressible two-phase flow ===============\n\n";
parameter::ParameterGroup param(argc, argv, false);
std::cout << "--------------- Reading parameters ---------------" << std::endl;
#if ! HAVE_SUITESPARSE_UMFPACK_H
// This is an extra check to intercept a potentially invalid request for the
// implicit transport solver as early as possible for the user.
{
const bool use_reorder = param.getDefault("use_reorder", true);
if (!use_reorder) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Cannot use implicit transport solver without UMFPACK. "
"Either reconfigure opm-core with SuiteSparse/UMFPACK support and recompile, "
"or use the reordering solver (use_reorder=true).");
}
}
#endif
// If we have a "deck_filename", grid and props will be read from that.
bool use_deck = param.has("deck_filename");
EclipseStateConstPtr eclipseState;
Opm::DeckConstPtr deck;
std::unique_ptr<GridManager> grid;
std::unique_ptr<IncompPropertiesInterface> props;
std::unique_ptr<RockCompressibility> rock_comp;
TwophaseState state;
// bool check_well_controls = false;
// int max_well_control_iterations = 0;
double gravity[3] = { 0.0 };
if (use_deck) {
ParserPtr parser(new Opm::Parser());
std::string deck_filename = param.get<std::string>("deck_filename");
deck = parser->parseFile(deck_filename);
eclipseState.reset( new EclipseState(deck));
// Grid init
grid.reset(new GridManager(deck));
// Rock and fluid init
props.reset(new IncompPropertiesFromDeck(deck, eclipseState, *grid->c_grid()));
// check_well_controls = param.getDefault("check_well_controls", false);
// max_well_control_iterations = param.getDefault("max_well_control_iterations", 10);
// Rock compressibility.
rock_comp.reset(new RockCompressibility(deck, eclipseState));
// Gravity.
gravity[2] = deck->hasKeyword("NOGRAV") ? 0.0 : unit::gravity;
// Init state variables (saturation and pressure).
if (param.has("init_saturation")) {
initStateBasic(*grid->c_grid(), *props, param, gravity[2], state);
} else {
initStateFromDeck(*grid->c_grid(), *props, deck, gravity[2], state);
}
} else {
// Grid init.
const int nx = param.getDefault("nx", 100);
const int ny = param.getDefault("ny", 100);
const int nz = param.getDefault("nz", 1);
const double dx = param.getDefault("dx", 1.0);
const double dy = param.getDefault("dy", 1.0);
const double dz = param.getDefault("dz", 1.0);
grid.reset(new GridManager(nx, ny, nz, dx, dy, dz));
// Rock and fluid init.
props.reset(new IncompPropertiesBasic(param, grid->c_grid()->dimensions, grid->c_grid()->number_of_cells));
// Rock compressibility.
rock_comp.reset(new RockCompressibility(param));
// Gravity.
gravity[2] = param.getDefault("gravity", 0.0);
// Init state variables (saturation and pressure).
initStateBasic(*grid->c_grid(), *props, param, gravity[2], state);
}
// Warn if gravity but no density difference.
bool use_gravity = (gravity[0] != 0.0 || gravity[1] != 0.0 || gravity[2] != 0.0);
if (use_gravity) {
if (props->density()[0] == props->density()[1]) {
std::cout << "**** Warning: nonzero gravity, but zero density difference." << std::endl;
}
}
const double *grav = use_gravity ? &gravity[0] : 0;
// Initialising src
int num_cells = grid->c_grid()->number_of_cells;
std::vector<double> src(num_cells, 0.0);
if (use_deck) {
// Do nothing, wells will be the driving force, not source terms.
} else {
// Compute pore volumes, in order to enable specifying injection rate
// terms of total pore volume.
std::vector<double> porevol;
if (rock_comp->isActive()) {
computePorevolume(*grid->c_grid(), props->porosity(), *rock_comp, state.pressure(), porevol);
} else {
computePorevolume(*grid->c_grid(), props->porosity(), porevol);
}
const double tot_porevol_init = std::accumulate(porevol.begin(), porevol.end(), 0.0);
const double default_injection = use_gravity ? 0.0 : 0.1;
const double flow_per_sec = param.getDefault<double>("injected_porevolumes_per_day", default_injection)
*tot_porevol_init/unit::day;
src[0] = flow_per_sec;
src[num_cells - 1] = -flow_per_sec;
}
// Boundary conditions.
FlowBCManager bcs;
if (param.getDefault("use_pside", false)) {
int pside = param.get<int>("pside");
double pside_pressure = param.get<double>("pside_pressure");
bcs.pressureSide(*grid->c_grid(), FlowBCManager::Side(pside), pside_pressure);
}
// Linear solver.
LinearSolverFactory linsolver(param);
// Write parameters used for later reference.
bool output = param.getDefault("output", true);
std::ofstream epoch_os;
std::string output_dir;
if (output) {
output_dir =
param.getDefault("output_dir", std::string("output"));
boost::filesystem::path fpath(output_dir);
try {
create_directories(fpath);
}
catch (...) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Creating directories failed: " << fpath);
}
std::string filename = output_dir + "/epoch_timing.param";
epoch_os.open(filename.c_str(), std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
// open file to clean it. The file is appended to in SimulatorTwophase
filename = output_dir + "/step_timing.param";
std::fstream step_os(filename.c_str(), std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
step_os.close();
param.writeParam(output_dir + "/simulation.param");
}
SimulatorReport rep;
if (!use_deck) {
std::cout << "\n\n================ Starting main simulation loop ===============\n"
<< " (number of report steps: 1)\n\n" << std::flush;
// Simple simulation without a deck.
WellsManager wells; // no wells.
SimulatorIncompTwophase simulator(param,
*grid->c_grid(),
*props,
rock_comp->isActive() ? rock_comp.get() : 0,
wells,
src,
bcs.c_bcs(),
linsolver,
grav);
SimulatorTimer simtimer;
simtimer.init(param);
warnIfUnusedParams(param);
WellState well_state;
well_state.init(0, state);
rep = simulator.run(simtimer, state, well_state);
} else {
// With a deck, we may have more epochs etc.
Opm::TimeMapConstPtr timeMap = eclipseState->getSchedule()->getTimeMap();
std::cout << "\n\n================ Starting main simulation loop ===============\n"
<< " (number of report steps: "
<< timeMap->numTimesteps() << ")\n\n" << std::flush;
WellState well_state;
int step = 0;
SimulatorTimer simtimer;
// Use timer for last epoch to obtain total time.
simtimer.init(timeMap);
const double total_time = simtimer.totalTime();
for (size_t reportStepIdx = 0; reportStepIdx < timeMap->numTimesteps(); ++reportStepIdx) {
// Update the timer.
simtimer.setCurrentStepNum(step);
simtimer.setTotalTime(total_time);
// Report on start of report step.
std::cout << "\n\n-------------- Starting report step " << reportStepIdx << " --------------"
<< "\n (number of time steps: "
<< simtimer.numSteps() - step << ")\n\n" << std::flush;
// Create new wells, well_state
WellsManager wells(eclipseState , reportStepIdx , *grid->c_grid(), props->permeability());
// @@@ HACK: we should really make a new well state and
// properly transfer old well state to it every report step,
// since number of wells may change etc.
if (reportStepIdx == 0) {
well_state.init(wells.c_wells(), state);
}
// Create and run simulator.
SimulatorIncompTwophase simulator(param,
*grid->c_grid(),
*props,
rock_comp->isActive() ? rock_comp.get() : 0,
wells,
src,
bcs.c_bcs(),
linsolver,
grav);
if (reportStepIdx == 0) {
warnIfUnusedParams(param);
}
SimulatorReport epoch_rep = simulator.run(simtimer, state, well_state);
if (output) {
epoch_rep.reportParam(epoch_os);
}
// Update total timing report and remember step number.
rep += epoch_rep;
step = simtimer.currentStepNum();
}
}
std::cout << "\n\n================ End of simulation ===============\n\n";
rep.report(std::cout);
if (output) {
std::string filename = output_dir + "/walltime.param";
std::fstream tot_os(filename.c_str(),std::fstream::trunc | std::fstream::out);
rep.reportParam(tot_os);
}
}
catch (const std::exception &e) {
std::cerr << "Program threw an exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
throw;
}