//Main---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
//Variables from MyModel.h---------------------------------------------------------------------
/* create a spherical object */
SPHERE obj1 = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, /* center of the circle */
1.0, /* radius of the circle */
0.75 }; /* diffuse reflection coefficient */
/* create a polygon object */
POLY4 obj2 = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, /* v0 */
0.0, 0.0, 2.0, /* v1 */
2.0, 0.0, 2.0, /* v2 */
2.0, 0.0, 0.0, /* v3 */
0.0, 1.0, 0.0, /* normal of the polygon */
0.8 }; /* diffuse reflection coefficient */
unsigned char img[ROWS][COLS];
float xmin = 0.0175;
float ymin = -0.0175;
float xmax = -0.0175;
float ymax = 0.0175;
float focal = 0.05; /* focal length simulating 50 mm lens */
/* definition of the camera parameters */
float VRP[3] = { 1.0, 2.0, 3.5 };
float VPN[3] = { 0.0, -1.0, -2.5 };
float VUP[3] = { 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 };
/* definition of light source */
float LRP[3] = { -10.0, 10.0, 2.0 }; /* light position */
float Ip = 200.0; /* intensity of the point light source */
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int i, j;
int c;
Xform3d TIN1, RT1;
Xform3d Mcw;
Point3d Pvpn, Pvup, Pvrp;
Pvpn = assign_values(VPN);
Pvup = assign_values(VUP);
Pvrp = assign_values(VRP);
translationInverse(VRP, TIN1);
rotationTranspose(&Pvpn, &Pvup, RT1);
multXforms(TIN1, RT1, Mcw);
// initiate buffer
for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
{
img[i][j] = 0;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
{
Ray V;
V.a = (Point3dPtr)malloc(sizeof(Point3d));
V.b = (Point3dPtr)malloc(sizeof(Point3d));
rayConstruction(i, j, focal, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, Mcw, &Pvrp, &V);// construct Ray V
c = rayTracing(V, obj1, obj2, LRP, Ip);
img[i][j] = c;
free(V.a);
free(V.b);
}
}
// function output the final image to binary, then change to tiff or other format by using third party tools, such as Photoshop etc.
FILE * fp;
fp = fopen("Ray.raw", "wb");
fwrite(img, sizeof(unsigned char), sizeof(img), fp);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
static unsigned int ray_color(const point3 e, double t,
const point3 d,
idx_stack *stk,
const rectangular_node rectangulars,
const sphere_node spheres,
const light_node lights,
color object_color, int bounces_left)
{
rectangular_node hit_rec = NULL, light_hit_rec = NULL;
sphere_node hit_sphere = NULL, light_hit_sphere = NULL;
double diffuse, specular;
point3 l, _l, r, rr;
object_fill fill;
color reflection_part;
color refraction_part;
/* might be a reflection ray, so check how many times we've bounced */
if (bounces_left == 0) {
SET_COLOR(object_color, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
return 0;
}
/* check for intersection with a sphere or a rectangular */
intersection ip= ray_hit_object(e, d, t, MAX_DISTANCE, rectangulars,
&hit_rec, spheres, &hit_sphere);
if (!hit_rec && !hit_sphere)
return 0;
/* pick the fill of the object that was hit */
fill = hit_rec ?
hit_rec->element.rectangular_fill :
hit_sphere->element.sphere_fill;
void *hit_obj = hit_rec ? (void *) hit_rec : (void *) hit_sphere;
/* assume it is a shadow */
SET_COLOR(object_color, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
for (light_node light = lights; light; light = light->next) {
/* calculate the intersection vector pointing at the light */
subtract_vector(ip.point, light->element.position, l);
multiply_vector(l, -1, _l);
normalize(_l);
/* check for intersection with an object. use ignore_me
* because we don't care about this normal
*/
ray_hit_object(ip.point, _l, MIN_DISTANCE, length(l),
rectangulars, &light_hit_rec,
spheres, &light_hit_sphere);
/* the light was not block by itself(lit object) */
if (light_hit_rec || light_hit_sphere)
continue;
compute_specular_diffuse(&diffuse, &specular, d, l,
ip.normal, fill.phong_power);
localColor(object_color, light->element.light_color,
diffuse, specular, &fill);
}
reflection(r, d, ip.normal);
double idx = idx_stack_top(stk).idx, idx_pass = fill.index_of_refraction;
if (idx_stack_top(stk).obj == hit_obj) {
idx_stack_pop(stk);
idx_pass = idx_stack_top(stk).idx;
} else {
idx_stack_element e = { .obj = hit_obj,
.idx = fill.index_of_refraction
};
idx_stack_push(stk, e);
}
refraction(rr, d, ip.normal, idx, idx_pass);
double R = (fill.T > 0.1) ?
fresnel(d, rr, ip.normal, idx, idx_pass) :
1.0;
/* totalColor = localColor +
mix((1-fill.Kd) * fill.R * reflection, T * refraction, R)
*/
if (fill.R > 0) {
/* if we hit something, add the color */
int old_top = stk->top;
if (ray_color(ip.point, MIN_DISTANCE, r, stk, rectangulars, spheres,
lights, reflection_part,
bounces_left - 1)) {
multiply_vector(reflection_part, R * (1.0 - fill.Kd) * fill.R,
reflection_part);
add_vector(object_color, reflection_part,
object_color);
}
stk->top = old_top;
}
/* calculate refraction ray */
if ((length(rr) > 0.0) && (fill.T > 0.0) &&
(fill.index_of_refraction > 0.0)) {
normalize(rr);
if (ray_color(ip.point, MIN_DISTANCE, rr, stk,rectangulars, spheres,
lights, refraction_part,
bounces_left - 1)) {
multiply_vector(refraction_part, (1 - R) * fill.T,
refraction_part);
add_vector(object_color, refraction_part,
object_color);
}
}
protect_color_overflow(object_color);
return 1;
}
/* @param background_color this is not ambient light */
void raytracing(void* args)
{
arg *data = (arg*) args;
point3 u, v, w, d;
color object_color = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
const viewpoint *view = (*data).View;
color back = { 0.0 , 0.1 , 0.1 };
uint8_t *pixels = data->pixels;
int start_j,end_j;
/* Separate to count the pixels */
if(pthread_equal(pthread_self(),THREAD[0])) {
start_j = 0;
end_j = 128;
} else if(pthread_equal(pthread_self(),THREAD[1])) {
start_j = 128;
end_j = 256;
} else if(pthread_equal(pthread_self(),THREAD[2])) {
start_j = 256;
end_j = 384;
} else if(pthread_equal(pthread_self(),THREAD[3])) {
start_j = 384;
end_j = 512;
}
/* calculate u, v, w */
calculateBasisVectors(u, v, w, view);
idx_stack stk;
int factor = sqrt(SAMPLES);
#pragma omp parallel for num_threads(64) \
private(stk), private(d), \
private(object_color)
for (int j = start_j ; j < end_j; j++) {
for (int i = 0 ; i < (*data).row; i++) {
double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
/* MSAA */
for (int s = 0; s < SAMPLES; s++) {
idx_stack_init(&stk);
rayConstruction(d, u, v, w,
i * factor + s / factor,
j * factor + s % factor,
view,
(*data).row * factor, (*data).col * factor);
if (ray_color(view->vrp, 0.0, d, &stk,(*data).rectangulars,
(*data).spheres, (*data).lights, object_color,
MAX_REFLECTION_BOUNCES)) {
r += object_color[0];
g += object_color[1];
b += object_color[2];
} else {
r += back[0];
g += back[1];
b += back[2];
}
pixels[((i + (j * (*data).row)) * 3) + 0] = r * 255 / SAMPLES;
pixels[((i + (j * (*data).row)) * 3) + 1] = g * 255 / SAMPLES;
pixels[((i + (j * (*data).row)) * 3) + 2] = b * 255 / SAMPLES;
}
}
}
}
static unsigned int ray_color(const point3 e, double t,
const point3 d,
idx_stack *stk,
const rectangular_node rectangulars,
const sphere_node spheres,
const light_node lights,
color object_color, int bounces_left)
{
rectangular_node hit_rec = NULL, light_hit_rec = NULL;
sphere_node hit_sphere = NULL, light_hit_sphere = NULL;
double diffuse, specular;
point3 l, _l, r, rr;
object_fill fill;
color reflection_part;
color refraction_part;
/* might be a reflection ray, so check how many times we've bounced */
if (bounces_left == 0) {
SET_COLOR(object_color, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
return 0;
}
/* check for intersection with a sphere or a rectangular */
intersection ip= ray_hit_object(e, d, t, MAX_DISTANCE, rectangulars,
&hit_rec, spheres, &hit_sphere);
if (!hit_rec && !hit_sphere)
return 0;
/* pick the fill of the object that was hit */
fill = hit_rec ?
hit_rec->element.rectangular_fill :
hit_sphere->element.sphere_fill;
void *hit_obj = hit_rec ? (void *) hit_rec : (void *) hit_sphere;
/* assume it is a shadow */
SET_COLOR(object_color, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
for (light_node light = lights; light; light = light->next) {
/* calculate the intersection vector pointing at the light */
subtract_vector(ip.point, light->element.position, l);
multiply_vector(l, -1, _l);
normalize(_l);
/* check for intersection with an object. use ignore_me
* because we don't care about this normal
*/
ray_hit_object(ip.point, _l, MIN_DISTANCE, length(l),
rectangulars, &light_hit_rec,
spheres, &light_hit_sphere);
/* the light was not block by itself(lit object) */
if (light_hit_rec || light_hit_sphere)
continue;
compute_specular_diffuse(&diffuse, &specular, d, l,
ip.normal, fill.phong_power);
localColor(object_color, light->element.light_color,
diffuse, specular, &fill);
}
reflection(r, d, ip.normal);
double idx = idx_stack_top(stk).idx, idx_pass = fill.index_of_refraction;
if (idx_stack_top(stk).obj == hit_obj) {
idx_stack_pop(stk);
idx_pass = idx_stack_top(stk).idx;
} else {
idx_stack_element e = { .obj = hit_obj,
.idx = fill.index_of_refraction
};
idx_stack_push(stk, e);
}
refraction(rr, d, ip.normal, idx, idx_pass);
double R = (fill.T > 0.1) ?
fresnel(d, rr, ip.normal, idx, idx_pass) :
1.0;
/* totalColor = localColor +
mix((1-fill.Kd) * fill.R * reflection, T * refraction, R)
*/
if (fill.R > 0) {
/* if we hit something, add the color */
int old_top = stk->top;
if (ray_color(ip.point, MIN_DISTANCE, r, stk, rectangulars, spheres,
lights, reflection_part,
bounces_left - 1)) {
multiply_vector(reflection_part, R * (1.0 - fill.Kd) * fill.R,
reflection_part);
add_vector(object_color, reflection_part,
object_color);
}
stk->top = old_top;
}
/* calculate refraction ray */
if ((length(rr) > 0.0) && (fill.T > 0.0) &&
(fill.index_of_refraction > 0.0)) {
normalize(rr);
if (ray_color(ip.point, MIN_DISTANCE, rr, stk,rectangulars, spheres,
lights, refraction_part,
bounces_left - 1)) {
multiply_vector(refraction_part, (1 - R) * fill.T,
refraction_part);
add_vector(object_color, refraction_part,
object_color);
}
}
protect_color_overflow(object_color);
return 1;
}
static void *parallel (void* range1)
{
Thread_range *range = (Thread_range *)range1;
point3 d;
idx_stack stk;
color object_color = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
for (int j = range->height1; j < range->height2; j++) {
for (int i = 0; i < range->ptr->width; i++) {
double r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
/* MSAA */
for (int s = 0; s < SAMPLES; s++) {
idx_stack_init(&stk);
rayConstruction(d, range->ptr->u,
range->ptr->v, range->ptr->w,
i * range->ptr->factor + s / range->ptr->factor,
j * range->ptr->factor + s % range->ptr->factor,
range->ptr->view,
range->ptr->width * range->ptr->factor,
range->ptr->height * range->ptr->factor);
if (ray_color(range->ptr->view->vrp, 0.0, d,
&(stk), range->ptr->rectangulars,
range->ptr->spheres,
range->ptr->lights, object_color,
MAX_REFLECTION_BOUNCES)) {
r += object_color[0];
g += object_color[1];
b += object_color[2];
} else {
r += range->ptr->background_color[0];
g += range->ptr->background_color[1];
b += range->ptr->background_color[2];
}
range->ptr->pixels[((i + (j * range->ptr->width)) * 3) + 0] = r * 255 / SAMPLES;
range->ptr->pixels[((i + (j * range->ptr->width)) * 3) + 1] = g * 255 / SAMPLES;
range->ptr->pixels[((i + (j * range->ptr->width)) * 3) + 2] = b * 255 / SAMPLES;
}
}
}
return NULL;
}