/***********************************************************************//**
* @brief Return spatially integrated background model
*
* @param[in] obsEng Measured event energy.
* @param[in] obsTime Measured event time.
* @param[in] obs Observation.
* @return Spatially integrated model.
*
* @exception GException::invalid_argument
* The specified observation is not a CTA observation.
*
* Spatially integrates the cube background model for a given measured event
* energy and event time. This method also applies a deadtime correction
* factor, so that the normalization of the model is a real rate
* (counts/MeV/s).
***************************************************************************/
double GCTAModelCubeBackground::npred(const GEnergy& obsEng,
const GTime& obsTime,
const GObservation& obs) const
{
// Initialise result
double npred = 0.0;
bool has_npred = false;
// Build unique identifier
std::string id = obs.instrument() + "::" + obs.id();
// Check if Npred value is already in cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
if (!m_npred_names.empty()) {
// Search for unique identifier, and if found, recover Npred value
// and break
for (int i = 0; i < m_npred_names.size(); ++i) {
if (m_npred_names[i] == id && m_npred_energies[i] == obsEng) {
npred = m_npred_values[i];
has_npred = true;
#if defined(G_DEBUG_NPRED)
std::cout << "GCTAModelCubeBackground::npred:";
std::cout << " cache=" << i;
std::cout << " npred=" << npred << std::endl;
#endif
break;
}
}
} // endif: there were values in the Npred cache
#endif
// Continue only if no Npred cache value has been found
if (!has_npred) {
// Evaluate only if model is valid
if (valid_model()) {
// Get pointer on CTA observation
const GCTAObservation* cta = dynamic_cast<const GCTAObservation*>(&obs);
if (cta == NULL) {
std::string msg = "Specified observation is not a CTA"
" observation.\n" + obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Get pointer on CTA cube response
const GCTAResponseCube* rsp = dynamic_cast<const GCTAResponseCube*>(cta->response());
if (rsp == NULL) {
std::string msg = "Specified observation does not contain"
" a cube response.\n" + obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Get log10 of energy in TeV
double logE = obsEng.log10TeV();
// Retrieve CTA background
const GCTACubeBackground bgd = rsp->background();
// Integrate the background map at a certain energy
npred = bgd.integral(logE);
// Store result in Npred cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
m_npred_names.push_back(id);
m_npred_energies.push_back(obsEng);
m_npred_times.push_back(obsTime);
m_npred_values.push_back(npred);
#endif
// Debug: Check for NaN
#if defined(G_NAN_CHECK)
if (gammalib::is_notanumber(npred) || gammalib::is_infinite(npred)) {
std::string origin = "GCTAModelCubeBackground::npred";
std::string message = " NaN/Inf encountered (npred=" +
gammalib::str(npred) + ")";
gammalib::warning(origin, message);
}
#endif
} // endif: model was valid
} // endif: Npred computation required
// Multiply in spectral and temporal components
npred *= spectral()->eval(obsEng, obsTime);
npred *= temporal()->eval(obsTime);
// Apply deadtime correction
npred *= obs.deadc(obsTime);
// Return Npred
return npred;
}
/***********************************************************************//**
* @brief Return spatially integrated data model
*
* @param[in] obsEng Measured event energy.
* @param[in] obsTime Measured event time.
* @param[in] obs Observation.
* @return Spatially integrated model.
*
* @exception GException::invalid_argument
* No CTA event list found in observation.
* No CTA pointing found in observation.
*
* Spatially integrates the data model for a given measured event energy and
* event time. This method also applies a deadtime correction factor, so that
* the normalization of the model is a real rate (counts/exposure time).
***************************************************************************/
double GCTAModelBackground::npred(const GEnergy& obsEng,
const GTime& obsTime,
const GObservation& obs) const
{
// Initialise result
double npred = 0.0;
bool has_npred = false;
// Build unique identifier
std::string id = obs.instrument() + "::" + obs.id();
// Check if Npred value is already in cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
if (!m_npred_names.empty()) {
// Search for unique identifier, and if found, recover Npred value
// and break
for (int i = 0; i < m_npred_names.size(); ++i) {
if (m_npred_names[i] == id && m_npred_energies[i] == obsEng) {
npred = m_npred_values[i];
has_npred = true;
#if defined(G_DEBUG_NPRED)
std::cout << "GCTAModelBackground::npred:";
std::cout << " cache=" << i;
std::cout << " npred=" << npred << std::endl;
#endif
break;
}
}
} // endif: there were values in the Npred cache
#endif
// Continue only if no Npred cache value was found
if (!has_npred) {
// Evaluate only if model is valid
if (valid_model()) {
// Get CTA event list
const GCTAEventList* events = dynamic_cast<const GCTAEventList*>(obs.events());
if (events == NULL) {
std::string msg = "No CTA event list found in observation.\n" +
obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
#if !defined(G_NPRED_AROUND_ROI)
// Get CTA pointing direction
GCTAPointing* pnt = dynamic_cast<GCTAPointing*>(obs.pointing());
if (pnt == NULL) {
std::string msg = "No CTA pointing found in observation.\n" +
obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
#endif
// Get reference to ROI centre
const GSkyDir& roi_centre = events->roi().centre().dir();
// Get ROI radius in radians
double roi_radius = events->roi().radius() * gammalib::deg2rad;
// Get distance from ROI centre in radians
#if defined(G_NPRED_AROUND_ROI)
double roi_distance = 0.0;
#else
double roi_distance = roi_centre.dist(pnt->dir());
#endif
// Initialise rotation matrix to transform from ROI system to
// celestial coordinate system
GMatrix ry;
GMatrix rz;
ry.eulery(roi_centre.dec_deg() - 90.0);
rz.eulerz(-roi_centre.ra_deg());
GMatrix rot = (ry * rz).transpose();
// Compute position angle of ROI centre with respect to model
// centre (radians)
#if defined(G_NPRED_AROUND_ROI)
double omega0 = 0.0;
#else
double omega0 = pnt->dir().posang(events->roi().centre().dir());
#endif
// Setup integration function
GCTAModelBackground::npred_roi_kern_theta integrand(spatial(),
obsEng,
obsTime,
rot,
roi_radius,
roi_distance,
omega0);
// Setup integrator
GIntegral integral(&integrand);
integral.eps(1e-3);
// Setup integration boundaries
#if defined(G_NPRED_AROUND_ROI)
double rmin = 0.0;
double rmax = roi_radius;
#else
double rmin = (roi_distance > roi_radius) ? roi_distance-roi_radius : 0.0;
double rmax = roi_radius + roi_distance;
#endif
// Spatially integrate radial component
npred = integral.romb(rmin, rmax);
// Store result in Npred cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
m_npred_names.push_back(id);
m_npred_energies.push_back(obsEng);
m_npred_times.push_back(obsTime);
m_npred_values.push_back(npred);
#endif
// Debug: Check for NaN
#if defined(G_NAN_CHECK)
if (gammalib::is_notanumber(npred) || gammalib::is_infinite(npred)) {
std::cout << "*** ERROR: GCTAModelBackground::npred:";
std::cout << " NaN/Inf encountered";
std::cout << " (npred=" << npred;
std::cout << ", roi_radius=" << roi_radius;
std::cout << ")" << std::endl;
}
#endif
} // endif: model was valid
} // endif: Npred computation required
// Multiply in spectral and temporal components
npred *= spectral()->eval(obsEng, obsTime);
npred *= temporal()->eval(obsTime);
// Apply deadtime correction
npred *= obs.deadc(obsTime);
// Return Npred
return npred;
}
/***********************************************************************//**
* @brief Return spatially integrated background model
*
* @param[in] obsEng Measured event energy.
* @param[in] obsTime Measured event time.
* @param[in] obs Observation.
* @return Spatially integrated model.
*
* @exception GException::invalid_argument
* The specified observation is not a CTA observation.
*
* Spatially integrates the instrumental background model for a given
* measured event energy and event time. This method also applies a deadtime
* correction factor, so that the normalization of the model is a real rate
* (counts/MeV/s).
***************************************************************************/
double GCTAModelIrfBackground::npred(const GEnergy& obsEng,
const GTime& obsTime,
const GObservation& obs) const
{
// Initialise result
double npred = 0.0;
bool has_npred = false;
// Build unique identifier
std::string id = obs.instrument() + "::" + obs.id();
// Check if Npred value is already in cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
if (!m_npred_names.empty()) {
// Search for unique identifier, and if found, recover Npred value
// and break
for (int i = 0; i < m_npred_names.size(); ++i) {
if (m_npred_names[i] == id && m_npred_energies[i] == obsEng) {
npred = m_npred_values[i];
has_npred = true;
#if defined(G_DEBUG_NPRED)
std::cout << "GCTAModelIrfBackground::npred:";
std::cout << " cache=" << i;
std::cout << " npred=" << npred << std::endl;
#endif
break;
}
}
} // endif: there were values in the Npred cache
#endif
// Continue only if no Npred cache value has been found
if (!has_npred) {
// Evaluate only if model is valid
if (valid_model()) {
// Get pointer on CTA observation
const GCTAObservation* cta = dynamic_cast<const GCTAObservation*>(&obs);
if (cta == NULL) {
std::string msg = "Specified observation is not a CTA"
" observation.\n" + obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Get pointer on CTA IRF response
const GCTAResponseIrf* rsp = dynamic_cast<const GCTAResponseIrf*>(cta->response());
if (rsp == NULL) {
std::string msg = "Specified observation does not contain"
" an IRF response.\n" + obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Retrieve pointer to CTA background
const GCTABackground* bgd = rsp->background();
if (bgd == NULL) {
std::string msg = "Specified observation contains no background"
" information.\n" + obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Get CTA event list
const GCTAEventList* events = dynamic_cast<const GCTAEventList*>(obs.events());
if (events == NULL) {
std::string msg = "No CTA event list found in observation.\n" +
obs.print();
throw GException::invalid_argument(G_NPRED, msg);
}
// Get reference to ROI centre
const GSkyDir& roi_centre = events->roi().centre().dir();
// Get ROI radius in radians
double roi_radius = events->roi().radius() * gammalib::deg2rad;
// Get log10 of energy in TeV
double logE = obsEng.log10TeV();
// Setup integration function
GCTAModelIrfBackground::npred_roi_kern_theta integrand(bgd, logE);
// Setup integrator
GIntegral integral(&integrand);
integral.eps(g_cta_inst_background_npred_theta_eps);
// Spatially integrate radial component
npred = integral.romberg(0.0, roi_radius);
// Store result in Npred cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
m_npred_names.push_back(id);
m_npred_energies.push_back(obsEng);
m_npred_times.push_back(obsTime);
m_npred_values.push_back(npred);
#endif
// Debug: Check for NaN
#if defined(G_NAN_CHECK)
if (gammalib::is_notanumber(npred) || gammalib::is_infinite(npred)) {
std::string origin = "GCTAModelIrfBackground::npred";
std::string message = " NaN/Inf encountered (npred=" +
gammalib::str(npred) + ", roi_radius=" +
gammalib::str(roi_radius) + ")";
gammalib::warning(origin, message);
}
#endif
} // endif: model was valid
} // endif: Npred computation required
// Multiply in spectral and temporal components
npred *= spectral()->eval(obsEng, obsTime);
npred *= temporal()->eval(obsTime);
// Apply deadtime correction
npred *= obs.deadc(obsTime);
// Return Npred
return npred;
}
/***********************************************************************//**
* @brief Return spatially integrated background model
*
* @param[in] obsEng Measured event energy.
* @param[in] obsTime Measured event time.
* @param[in] obs Observation.
* @return Spatially integrated model.
*
* @exception GException::invalid_argument
* The specified observation is not a CTA observation.
*
* Spatially integrates the effective area background model for a given
* measured event energy and event time. This method also applies a deadtime
* correction factor, so that the normalization of the model is a real rate
* (counts/MeV/s).
***************************************************************************/
double GCTAModelAeffBackground::npred(const GEnergy& obsEng,
const GTime& obsTime,
const GObservation& obs) const
{
// Set number of iterations for Romberg integration.
//static const int iter_theta = 6;
//static const int iter_phi = 6;
// Initialise result
double npred = 0.0;
bool has_npred = false;
// Build unique identifier
std::string id = obs.instrument() + "::" + obs.id();
// Check if Npred value is already in cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
if (!m_npred_names.empty()) {
// Search for unique identifier, and if found, recover Npred value
// and break
for (int i = 0; i < m_npred_names.size(); ++i) {
if (m_npred_names[i] == id && m_npred_energies[i] == obsEng) {
npred = m_npred_values[i];
has_npred = true;
#if defined(G_DEBUG_NPRED)
std::cout << "GCTAModelAeffBackground::npred:";
std::cout << " cache=" << i;
std::cout << " npred=" << npred << std::endl;
#endif
break;
}
}
} // endif: there were values in the Npred cache
#endif
// Continue only if no Npred cache value has been found
if (!has_npred) {
// Evaluate only if model is valid
if (valid_model()) {
// Get log10 of energy in TeV
double logE = obsEng.log10TeV();
// Spatially integrate effective area component
npred = this->aeff_integral(obs, logE);
// Store result in Npred cache
#if defined(G_USE_NPRED_CACHE)
m_npred_names.push_back(id);
m_npred_energies.push_back(obsEng);
m_npred_times.push_back(obsTime);
m_npred_values.push_back(npred);
#endif
// Debug: Check for NaN
#if defined(G_NAN_CHECK)
if (gammalib::is_notanumber(npred) || gammalib::is_infinite(npred)) {
std::string origin = "GCTAModelAeffBackground::npred";
std::string message = " NaN/Inf encountered (npred=" +
gammalib::str(npred) + ")";
gammalib::warning(origin, message);
}
#endif
} // endif: model was valid
} // endif: Npred computation required
// Multiply in spectral and temporal components
npred *= spectral()->eval(obsEng, obsTime);
npred *= temporal()->eval(obsTime);
// Apply deadtime correction
npred *= obs.deadc(obsTime);
// Return Npred
return npred;
}
/***********************************************************************//**
* @brief Convolve sky model with the instrument response
*
* @param[in] model Sky model.
* @param[in] event Event.
* @param[in] srcEng Source energy.
* @param[in] srcTime Source time.
* @param[in] obs Observation.
* @param[in] grad Should model gradients be computed? (default: true)
* @return Event probability.
*
* Computes the event probability
*
* \f[
* P(p',E',t'|E,t) = \int S(p,E,t) \times R(p',E',t'|p,E,t) \, dp
* \f]
*
* for a given true energy \f$E\f$ and time \f$t\f$.
***************************************************************************/
double GResponse::eval_prob(const GModelSky& model,
const GEvent& event,
const GEnergy& srcEng,
const GTime& srcTime,
const GObservation& obs,
const bool& grad) const
{
// Initialise result
double prob = 0.0;
// Continue only if the model has a spatial component
if (model.spatial() != NULL) {
// Set source
GSource source(model.name(), model.spatial(), srcEng, srcTime);
// Compute IRF value
double irf = this->irf(event, source, obs);
// Continue only if IRF value is positive
if (irf > 0.0) {
// If required, apply instrument specific model scaling
if (model.has_scales()) {
irf *= model.scale(obs.instrument()).value();
}
// Evaluate spectral and temporal components
double spec = (model.spectral() != NULL)
? model.spectral()->eval(srcEng, srcTime, grad) : 1.0;
double temp = (model.temporal() != NULL)
? model.temporal()->eval(srcTime, grad) : 1.0;
// Compute probability
prob = spec * temp * irf;
// Optionally compute partial derivatives
if (grad) {
// Multiply factors to spectral gradients
if (model.spectral() != NULL) {
double fact = temp * irf;
if (fact != 1.0) {
for (int i = 0; i < model.spectral()->size(); ++i) {
(*model.spectral())[i].factor_gradient((*model.spectral())[i].factor_gradient() * fact);
}
}
}
// Multiply factors to temporal gradients
if (model.temporal() != NULL) {
double fact = spec * irf;
if (fact != 1.0) {
for (int i = 0; i < model.temporal()->size(); ++i) {
(*model.temporal())[i].factor_gradient((*model.temporal())[i].factor_gradient() * fact);
}
}
}
} // endif: computed partial derivatives
// Compile option: Check for NaN/Inf
#if defined(G_NAN_CHECK)
if (gammalib::is_notanumber(prob) || gammalib::is_infinite(prob)) {
std::cout << "*** ERROR: GResponse::eval_prob:";
std::cout << " NaN/Inf encountered";
std::cout << " (prob=" << prob;
std::cout << ", spec=" << spec;
std::cout << ", temp=" << temp;
std::cout << ", irf=" << irf;
std::cout << ")" << std::endl;
}
#endif
} // endif: IRF value was positive
// ... otherwise if gradient computation is requested then set the
// spectral and temporal gradients to zero
else if (grad) {
// Reset spectral gradients
if (model.spectral() != NULL) {
for (int i = 0; i < model.spectral()->size(); ++i) {
(*model.spectral())[i].factor_gradient(0.0);
}
}
// Reset temporal gradients
if (model.temporal() != NULL) {
for (int i = 0; i < model.temporal()->size(); ++i) {
(*model.temporal())[i].factor_gradient(0.0);
}
}
} // endelse: IRF value was not positive
} // endif: Gamma-ray source model had a spatial component
// Return event probability
return prob;
}