/**
* Load the object data from file.
* The file is expected to be already open for reading.
* The data will be read and the file will not be closed.
* @returns True on success, false on failure
*/
bool UAVObject::load(QFile & file)
{
QMutexLocker locker(mutex);
quint8 buffer[numBytes];
quint8 tmpId[4];
// Read the object ID
if (file.read((char *)tmpId, 4) != 4) {
return false;
}
// Check that the IDs match
if (qFromLittleEndian<quint32>(tmpId) != objID) {
return false;
}
// Read the instance ID
if (file.read((char *)tmpId, 2) != 2) {
return false;
}
// Check that the IDs match
if (qFromLittleEndian<quint16>(tmpId) != instID) {
return false;
}
// Read and unpack the data
if (file.read((char *)buffer, numBytes) != numBytes) {
return false;
}
unpack(buffer);
// Done
return true;
}
bool ccObject::fromFile(QFile& in, short dataVersion)
{
assert(in.isOpen() && (in.openMode() & QIODevice::ReadOnly));
if (dataVersion<20)
return CorruptError();
//DGM: if we are here, we assume the class ID has already been read!
//Call ccObject::readClassIDFromFile if necessary
////class ID (dataVersion>=20)
//uint32_t classID = 0;
//if (in.read((char*)&classID,4)<0)
// return ReadError();
//unique ID (dataVersion>=20)
//DGM: this ID will be usefull to recreate dynamic links between entities!
uint32_t uniqueID = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&uniqueID,4)<0)
return ReadError();
m_uniqueID = (unsigned)uniqueID;
//name (dataVersion>=20)
if (in.read(m_name,256)<0)
return ReadError();
//flags (dataVersion>=20)
uint32_t flags = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&flags,4)<0)
return ReadError();
m_flags = (unsigned)flags;
return true;
}
void QAniTransferFunctionInstance::load(QFile & file) {
file.read((char *)&m_resolution, 4);
file.read((char *)&m_tfResolutionChange, 4);
m_tfDrawArrayChange = new float[m_resolution];
file.read((char *)m_tfDrawArrayChange, 4 * m_resolution);
int size;
file.read((char *)&size, 4);
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
double mean,sigma,height;
file.read((char *)&mean, 8);
file.read((char *)&sigma, 8);
file.read((char *)&height, 8);
GaussianObjectChange goc(mean, sigma, height);
m_gaussianObjectChange.push_back(goc);
}
file.read((char *)&size, 4);
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
float x;
Vector4 color;
file.read((char *)&x, 4);
file.read((char *)((double*)color), 32);
ColorTickChange ctc(x, color);
m_tfColorTickChange.push_back(ctc);
}
}
bool ccGenericPointCloud::fromFile_MeOnly(QFile& in, short dataVersion)
{
if (!ccHObject::fromFile_MeOnly(in, dataVersion))
return false;
if (dataVersion<20)
return CorruptError();
//'coordinates shift' (dataVersion>=20)
if (in.read((char*)m_originalShift,sizeof(double)*3)<0)
return ReadError();
//'visibility' array (dataVersion>=20)
bool hasVisibilityArray = false;
if (in.read((char*)&hasVisibilityArray,sizeof(bool))<0)
return ReadError();
if (hasVisibilityArray)
{
if (!m_visibilityArray)
{
m_visibilityArray = new VisibilityTableType();
m_visibilityArray->link();
}
if (!ccSerializationHelper::GenericArrayFromFile(*m_visibilityArray,in,dataVersion))
{
unallocateVisibilityArray();
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
bool ccGenericMesh::fromFile_MeOnly(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
if (!ccHObject::fromFile_MeOnly(in, dataVersion, flags))
return false;
//'show wired' state (dataVersion>=20)
if (in.read((char*)&m_showWired,sizeof(bool))<0)
return ReadError();
//'per-triangle normals shown' state (dataVersion>=29))
if (dataVersion >= 29)
{
if (in.read((char*)&m_triNormsShown,sizeof(bool))<0)
return ReadError();
//'materials shown' state (dataVersion>=29))
if (in.read((char*)&m_materialsShown,sizeof(bool))<0)
return ReadError();
//'polygon stippling' state (dataVersion>=29))
if (in.read((char*)&m_stippling,sizeof(bool))<0)
return ReadError();
}
return true;
}
bool ccObject::fromFile(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
assert(in.isOpen() && (in.openMode() & QIODevice::ReadOnly));
if (dataVersion<20)
return CorruptError();
//DGM: if we are here, we assume the class ID has already been read!
//Call ccObject::readClassIDFromFile if necessary
////class ID (dataVersion>=20)
//uint32_t classID = 0;
//if (in.read((char*)&classID,4) < 0)
// return ReadError();
//unique ID (dataVersion>=20)
//DGM: this ID will be usefull to recreate dynamic links between entities!
uint32_t uniqueID = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&uniqueID,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
m_uniqueID = (unsigned)uniqueID;
//name
if (dataVersion < 22) //old style
{
char name[256];
if (in.read(name,256) < 0)
return ReadError();
setName(name);
}
else //(dataVersion>=22)
{
QDataStream inStream(&in);
inStream >> m_name;
}
//flags (dataVersion>=20)
uint32_t objFlags = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&objFlags,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
m_flags = (unsigned)objFlags;
//meta data (dataVersion>=30)
if (dataVersion >= 30)
{
//count
uint32_t metaDataCount = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&metaDataCount,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
//"key + value" pairs
for (uint32_t i=0; i<metaDataCount; ++i)
{
QDataStream inStream(&in);
QString key;
QVariant value;
inStream >> key;
inStream >> value;
setMetaData(key,value);
}
}
bool ccHObject::fromFile(QFile& in, short dataVersion)
{
assert(in.isOpen() && (in.openMode() & QIODevice::ReadOnly));
//read 'ccObject' header
if (!ccObject::fromFile(in,dataVersion))
return false;
//read own data
if (!fromFile_MeOnly(in,dataVersion))
return false;
//(serializable) child count (dataVersion>=20)
uint32_t serializableCount = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&serializableCount,4)<0)
return ReadError();
//read serializable children (if any)
for (uint32_t i=0; i<serializableCount; ++i)
{
//read children class ID
unsigned classID=0;
if (!ReadClassIDFromFile(classID, in, dataVersion))
return false;
//create corresponding child object
ccHObject* child = New(classID);
assert(child && child->isSerializable());
if (child)
{
if (child->fromFile(in,dataVersion))
{
addChild(child,child->getFlagState(CC_FATHER_DEPENDANT));
}
else
{
delete child;
return false;
}
}
else
{
return CorruptError();
}
}
//write current selection behavior (dataVersion>=23)
if (dataVersion>=23)
{
if (in.read((char*)&m_selectionBehavior,sizeof(SelectionBehavior))<0)
return ReadError();
}
else
{
m_selectionBehavior = SELECTION_AA_BBOX;
}
return true;
}
bool ccPolyline::fromFile_MeOnly(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
if (!ccHObject::fromFile_MeOnly(in, dataVersion, flags))
return false;
if (dataVersion<28)
return false;
//as the associated cloud (=vertices) can't be saved directly (as it may be shared by multiple polylines)
//we only store its unique ID (dataVersion>=28) --> we hope we will find it at loading time (i.e. this
//is the responsibility of the caller to make sure that all dependencies are saved together)
uint32_t vertUniqueID = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&vertUniqueID,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
//[DIRTY] WARNING: temporarily, we set the vertices unique ID in the 'm_associatedCloud' pointer!!!
*(uint32_t*)(&m_theAssociatedCloud) = vertUniqueID;
//number of points (references to) (dataVersion>=28)
uint32_t pointCount = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&pointCount,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
if (!reserve(pointCount))
return false;
//points (references to) (dataVersion>=28)
for (uint32_t i=0; i<pointCount; ++i)
{
uint32_t pointIndex = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&pointIndex,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
addPointIndex(pointIndex);
}
QDataStream inStream(&in);
//Closing state (dataVersion>=28)
inStream >> m_isClosed;
//RGB Color (dataVersion>=28)
inStream >> m_rgbColor[0];
inStream >> m_rgbColor[1];
inStream >> m_rgbColor[2];
//2D mode (dataVersion>=28)
inStream >> m_mode2D;
//Foreground mode (dataVersion>=28)
inStream >> m_foreground;
//Width of the line (dataVersion>=31)
if (dataVersion >= 31)
ccSerializationHelper::CoordsFromDataStream(inStream,flags,&m_width,1);
else
m_width = 0;
return true;
}
bool ccGenericPointCloud::fromFile_MeOnly(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
if (!ccHObject::fromFile_MeOnly(in, dataVersion, flags))
return false;
if (dataVersion < 20)
return CorruptError();
if (dataVersion < 33)
{
//'coordinates shift' (dataVersion>=20)
if (in.read((char*)m_globalShift.u,sizeof(double)*3) < 0)
return ReadError();
m_globalScale = 1.0;
}
else
{
//'global shift & scale' (dataVersion>=33)
if (!loadShiftInfoFromFile(in))
return ReadError();
}
//'visibility' array (dataVersion>=20)
bool hasVisibilityArray = false;
if (in.read((char*)&hasVisibilityArray,sizeof(bool)) < 0)
return ReadError();
if (hasVisibilityArray)
{
if (!m_pointsVisibility)
{
m_pointsVisibility = new VisibilityTableType();
m_pointsVisibility->link();
}
if (!ccSerializationHelper::GenericArrayFromFile(*m_pointsVisibility,in,dataVersion))
{
unallocateVisibilityArray();
return false;
}
}
//'point size' (dataVersion>=24)
if (dataVersion >= 24)
{
if (in.read((char*)&m_pointSize,1) < 0)
return WriteError();
}
else
{
m_pointSize = 0; //= follows default setting
}
return true;
}
bool ccShiftedObject::loadShiftInfoFromFile(QFile& in)
{
//'coordinates shift'
if (in.read((char*)m_globalShift.u,sizeof(double)*3) < 0)
return ccSerializableObject::ReadError();
//'global scale'
if (in.read((char*)&m_globalScale,sizeof(double)) < 0)
return ccSerializableObject::ReadError();
return true;
}
bool ccColorScale::fromFile(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
if (dataVersion < 27) //structure appeared at version 27!
return false;
QDataStream inStream(&in);
//name (dataVersion>=27)
inStream >> m_name;
//UUID (dataVersion>=27)
inStream >> m_uuid;
//relative state (dataVersion>=27)
if (in.read((char*)&m_relative,sizeof(bool)) < 0)
return ReadError();
//Absolute min value (dataVersion>=27)
if (in.read((char*)&m_absoluteMinValue,sizeof(double)) < 0)
return ReadError();
//Absolute range (dataVersion>=27)
if (in.read((char*)&m_absoluteRange,sizeof(double)) < 0)
return ReadError();
//locked state (dataVersion>=27)
if (in.read((char*)&m_locked,sizeof(bool)) < 0)
return ReadError();
//steps list (dataVersion>=27)
{
//steps count
uint32_t stepCount = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&stepCount,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
//read each step
m_steps.clear();
for (uint32_t i=0; i<stepCount; ++i)
{
double relativePos = 0.0;
QColor color(Qt::white);
inStream >> relativePos;
inStream >> color;
m_steps.push_back(ccColorScaleElement(relativePos,color));
}
update();
}
return true;
}
bool Matrix::readMatrix(QFile &file)
{
releaseData();
file.read((char *)&nRow,sizeof(int));
file.read((char *)&nCol,sizeof(int));
if(nRow*nCol>0)
{
allocate(nRow,nCol);
if(file.read((char *)pData,sizeof(double)*nRow*nCol)!=sizeof(double)*nRow*nCol)
return false;
}
return true;
}
void skipUselessChucks( WavFileHeader& header, QFile& file )
{
// We only care about the 'data' chuck
while ( memcmp( header.dataChuckID, "data", 4 ) != 0 )
{
int skipByteCount = header.dataSize;
std::vector<char> skipData( skipByteCount );
file.read( skipData.data(), skipByteCount );
file.read( (char*)&header.dataChuckID, 4 );
file.read( (char*)&header.dataSize, 4 );
}
}
bool Vector::readVector(QFile &file)
{
releaseData();
file.read((char *)&nDim,sizeof(int));
if(nDim<0)
return false;
if(nDim>0)
{
allocate(nDim);
if(file.read((char *)pData,sizeof(double)*nDim)!=sizeof(double)*nDim)
return false;
}
return true;
}
QString read_MAT_MAPNAME_chunk( QFile &src )
{
TA3D_3DS_CHUNK_DATA chunk;
src.read( (char*)&chunk.ID, 2 );
src.read( (char*)&chunk.length, 4 );
switch( chunk.ID )
{
case MAT_MAPNAME:
return read_ASCIIZ( src );
default:
src.read( chunk.length - 6 );
};
return NULL;
}
bool
FileContentsChecksum(const QString &name, unsigned int *sum)
{
QFile *file = new QFile(name);
if (!file->open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))
{
delete file;
return false;
}
// compute the checksum
char buf[80];
*sum = 0;
while (!file->atEnd())
{
qint64 len = file->read(buf, 80);
*sum = BJHash::Hash((unsigned char *) buf,
(unsigned int)len, *sum);
}
file->close();
delete file;
return true;
}
QFile *getAudioLabelHeaderLen(const QString &audioName, int &len)
{
QFile *pFile = new QFile(audioName);
if (!pFile->open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
qDebug() << "Can not open file";
return NULL;
}
pFile->seek(0);
//读取标签头
ID3V2Header mp3ID3V2;
memset(&mp3ID3V2, 0, 10);
pFile->read((char *)&mp3ID3V2, 10);
if (0 != strncmp(mp3ID3V2.identi, "ID3", 3)) {
qDebug() << "No have ID3V2 label";
pFile->close();
return NULL;
}
len = (mp3ID3V2.size[0]&0x7f)*0x200000
+(mp3ID3V2.size[1]&0x7f)*0x4000
+(mp3ID3V2.size[2]&0x7f)*0x80
+(mp3ID3V2.size[3]&0x7f);
return pFile;
}
inline int KBufferedFileReaderPrivate::next()
{
++m_bufferPos;
// Handle EOF Markers
if ((*m_bufferPos) == static_cast<char>(EOF))
{
// If they're not our markers, this is the end of the file
if (m_bufferPos != &m_buffer[m_bufferSize] &&
m_bufferPos != &m_buffer[2 * m_bufferSize + 1])
{
--m_bufferPos;
return KBufferedFileReader::EndOfFile;
}
// Otherwise, we've simply read the current buffer.
// Swap buffers, and start reading from the other buffer.
m_bufferPos = m_nextBuffer;
std::swap(m_currBuffer, m_nextBuffer);
// Start Reading in the next chunk
m_nextBuffer[m_file.read(m_nextBuffer, m_bufferSize)] = EOF;
}
return *m_bufferPos;
}
bool ccImage::fromFile_MeOnly(QFile& in, short dataVersion, int flags)
{
if (!ccHObject::fromFile_MeOnly(in, dataVersion, flags))
return false;
//as the associated sensor can't be saved directly (as it may be shared by multiple images)
//we only store its unique ID (dataVersion >= 38) --> we hope we will find it at loading time (i.e. this
//is the responsibility of the caller to make sure that all dependencies are saved together)
uint32_t sensorUniqueID = 0;
if (in.read((char*)&sensorUniqueID,4) < 0)
return ReadError();
//[DIRTY] WARNING: temporarily, we set the vertices unique ID in the 'm_associatedCloud' pointer!!!
*(uint32_t*)(&m_associatedSensor) = sensorUniqueID;
QDataStream inStream(&in);
inStream >> m_width;
inStream >> m_height;
inStream >> m_aspectRatio;
inStream >> m_texU;
inStream >> m_texV;
inStream >> m_texAlpha;
inStream >> m_image;
#ifdef INCLUDE_IMAGE_FILENAME
inStream >> m_completeFileName;
#else
QString fakeString;
inStream >> fakeString;
#endif
return true;
}
qint64 StateImport::loadCTM5(State *state, QFile& file, struct CTMHeader5* v5header)
{
if (v5header->flags & 03)
{
state->setErrorMessage(QObject::tr("Error: CTM is not expanded"));
qDebug() << "CTM is not expanded. Cannot load it";
return -1;
}
int num_chars = qFromLittleEndian(v5header->num_chars);
int toRead = std::min(num_chars * 8, State::CHAR_BUFFER_SIZE);
// clean previous memory in case not all the chars are loaded
state->resetCharsetBuffer();
auto total = file.read((char*)state->getCharsetBuffer(), toRead);
for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
state->setColorForPen(i, v5header->colors[i]);
state->setMulticolorMode(v5header->flags & 0b00000100);
State::TileProperties tp;
tp.interleaved = 1;
// some files reports size == 0. Bug in CTMv5?
tp.size.setWidth(qMax((int)v5header->tile_width,1));
tp.size.setHeight(qMax((int)v5header->tile_height,1));
state->setTileProperties(tp);
return total;
}
bool StreamMail::LoadFile(const QString file) {
////qFatal(" unable to read ... ");
bool filled = false;
if (clear()) {
QFile *f = new QFile(file);
if (f->exists()) {
/////
if (f->open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
//// read line by line
if (f->isReadable()) {
linenr = -1;
while (!f->atEnd()) {
linenr++;
QByteArray crk = f->read(76);
d->write(crk);
}
f->close();
d->write(QByteArray("\n--\n--\n--\n--"));
}
} else {
qDebug() << "######## file errors:" << f->errorString() << "\n";
}
}
}
if (d->bytesAvailable() > 23) {
filled = true;
}
d->seek(0);
return filled;
}
void janelaPrincipal::copiarAquivos(QFile &origem, QFile &destino)
{
qint64 nCopySize = origem.size();
ui->progressBarGeral->setMaximum(nCopySize);
if(!(origem.open(QFile::ReadOnly) && destino.open(QFile::ReadWrite))){
return;
}
qDebug() << QString::number(nCopySize)+" o tamanho do arquivo";
//dialog->show();
for (qint64 i = 0; i < nCopySize; i += 1024*1024) {
if(iscopy){
destino.write(origem.read(i)); // write a byte
destino.seek(i); // move to next byte to read
origem.seek(i); // move to next byte to write
ui->progressBarGeral->setValue(i);
}else {
destino.remove();
break;
}
// ui->progressBarGeral->;
}
ui->progressBarGeral->setVisible(false);
ui->progressBarGeral->setValue(0);
modeldir->refresh();
}
qint64 StateImport::loadCTM(State *state, QFile& file)
{
struct CTMHeader5 header;
auto size = file.size();
if ((std::size_t)size<sizeof(header))
{
state->setErrorMessage(QObject::tr("Error: CTM file too small"));
qDebug() << "Error. File size too small to be CTM (" << size << ").";
return -1;
}
size = file.read((char*)&header, sizeof(header));
if ((std::size_t)size<sizeof(header))
return -1;
// check header
if (header.id[0] != 'C' || header.id[1] != 'T' || header.id[2] != 'M')
{
state->setErrorMessage(QObject::tr("Error: invalid CTM file"));
qDebug() << "Not a valid CTM file";
return -1;
}
// check version
if (header.version == 4) {
return loadCTM4(state, file, (struct CTMHeader4*)&header);
} else if (header.version == 5) {
return loadCTM5(state, file, &header);
}
state->setErrorMessage(QObject::tr("Error: CTM version not supported"));
qDebug() << "Invalid CTM version: " << header.version;
return -1;
}
QString ZString::getFileCoding(const QString &filePath)
{
QFile *file = new QFile(filePath);
if (!file->open(QFile::ReadOnly)) {
return "";
}
qint64 size = file->size();
char *buf = new char[size];
file->read(buf, size);
file->close();
// 读取文件头
///
/// ANSI: 没有文件头(2字节/汉字,1字节/英文)
/// UTF-8: 文件头[0xEF,0xBB,0xBF](3字节/汉字,1字节/英文)
/// Unicode: 文件头[0xFF,0xFE](2字节/汉字,2字节/英文)
/// Unicode big endian: 文件头[0xFE,0xFF](同Unicode,字节序相反)
///
uchar *p = (uchar*)buf;
if (0xEF == p[0] && 0xBB == p[1] && 0xBF == p[2]) {
qDebug() << QString::fromUtf8(buf + 3, size -3);
return "UFT-8";
} else if (0xFF == p[0] && 0xFE == p[1]) {
qDebug() << QString::fromWCharArray((wchar_t*)(buf + 2), (size - 2) / 2);
return "Unicode";
} else if (0xFE == p[0] && 0xFF == p[1]) {
qDebug() << QString::fromWCharArray((wchar_t*)(buf + 2), (size - 2) / 2);
return "Unicode big endian";
} else {
qDebug() << QString::fromLocal8Bit(buf, size);
return "ANSI";
}
}
QByteArray Scanner::hashFile(QFile &f)
{
uchar *map;
QCryptographicHash hasher(QCryptographicHash::Sha1);
hasher.reset();
/* Try map first */
map = f.map( 0, f.size() );
if (NULL==map) {
/* no mmap, read in chunks */
uchar buffer[512];
qint64 r;
do {
r = f.read((char*)buffer,sizeof(buffer));
if (r<0){
throw 1;
}
if (r<=0)
break;
hasher.addData( (const char*)buffer, r);
} while (r>0);
} else {
hasher.addData((const char*)map,f.size());
f.unmap(map);
}
return hasher.result();
}
inline T readNum(char *num, QFile &file) {
file.read(num, 4);
T n = *((T*)num);
n = qFromBigEndian(n);
return n;
}
// ====================================================================================================================
// readLayout(): Loads the binary layout from the given *open* file.
// ====================================================================================================================
void MainWindow::readLayout(QFile& file)
{
uchar geo_size;
QByteArray geo_data;
QByteArray layout_data;
bool ok = file.getChar((char*)&geo_size);
if (ok)
{
geo_data = file.read(geo_size);
ok = geo_data.size() == geo_size;
}
if (ok)
{
layout_data = file.readAll();
ok = layout_data.size() > 0;
}
if (ok)
ok = restoreGeometry(geo_data);
if (ok)
ok = restoreState(layout_data);
if (!ok)
{
QString msg = tr("Error reading %1").arg(file.fileName());
QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Error"), msg);
return;
}
}
void NetworkManager::handleVideo(QSharedPointer<MediaFile> mediaEntry, QHttpRequest *req, QHttpResponse *resp)
{
QFile *file = new QFile(mediaEntry->path(), resp);
if(!file->open(QFile::OpenModeFlag::ReadOnly))
{
sendError(QHttpResponse::STATUS_NOT_FOUND, resp);
return;
}
resp->setHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
qint64 size = file->size();
qint64 offset = 0;
if(req->headers().contains("range"))
{
QString range = req->headers()["range"];
offset = QStringRef(&range, 6, (range.indexOf('-') - 6)).toLongLong();
resp->setHeader("Content-Range", QString("bytes " + QString::number(offset) + "-" + QString::number(size) + "/" + QString::number(size)).toLatin1());
resp->setHeader("Content-Length", QString::number(size - offset).toLatin1());
resp->writeHead(QHttpResponse::STATUS_PARTIAL_CONTENT);
}
else
{
resp->setHeader("Content-Length", QString::number(file->size()).toLatin1());
resp->writeHead(QHttpResponse::STATUS_OK);
}
file->seek(offset);
QObject::connect(resp, &QHttpResponse::allBytesWritten,
[file,resp](){
QByteArray data = file->read(0x40000);
if(data.size() > 0)
{
resp->write(data);
}
else
{
file->close();
resp->end();
delete file;
}
});
resp->write(file->read(0x40000));
}
//static
int32_t SoundSourceWV::ReadBytesCallback(void* id, void* data, int bcount)
{
QFile* pFile = static_cast<QFile*>(id);
if (!pFile) {
return 0;
}
return pFile->read((char*)data, bcount);
}
int ExifData::getch ( QFile &infile )
{
QByteArray a = infile.read ( 1 );
uint r = 0;
r = static_cast<uint> ( a[0] );
r &= 0x000000FF;
return static_cast<int> ( r );
}