bool MoochoPack::CrossTermExactStd_Step::do_step(Algorithm& _algo
  , poss_type step_poss, IterationPack::EDoStepType type, poss_type assoc_step_poss)
{
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using DenseLinAlgPack::norm_inf;

  NLPAlgo	&algo	= rsqp_algo(_algo);
  NLPAlgoState	&s		= algo.rsqp_state();

  EJournalOutputLevel olevel = algo.algo_cntr().journal_output_level();
  std::ostream& out = algo.track().journal_out();

  // print step header.
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    using IterationPack::print_algorithm_step;
    print_algorithm_step( _algo, step_poss, type, assoc_step_poss, out );
  }

  // tmp = HL * Ypy
  DVector tmp;
  V_MtV( &tmp, s.HL().get_k(0), BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, s.Ypy().get_k(0)() );
  // w = Z' * tmp
  V_MtV( &s.w().set_k(0).v(), s.Z().get_k(0), BLAS_Cpp::trans, tmp() );

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    out	<< "\n||w||inf = "	<< s.w().get_k(0).norm_inf() << std::endl;
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out << "\nw_k =\n" << s.w().get_k(0)();
  }

  return true;
}
bool CheckDescentQuasiNormalStep_Step::do_step(
  Algorithm& _algo, poss_type step_poss, IterationPack::EDoStepType type
  ,poss_type assoc_step_poss
  )
{
  using BLAS_Cpp::no_trans;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::dot;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;

  NLPAlgo         &algo        = rsqp_algo(_algo);
  NLPAlgoState    &s           = algo.rsqp_state();
  NLP             &nlp         = algo.nlp();
  const Range1D   equ_decomp   = s.equ_decomp();

  EJournalOutputLevel olevel = algo.algo_cntr().journal_output_level();
  std::ostream& out = algo.track().journal_out();

  // print step header.
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    using IterationPack::print_algorithm_step;
    print_algorithm_step( algo, step_poss, type, assoc_step_poss, out );
  }
  
  const size_type
    nb = nlp.num_bounded_x();

  // Get iteration quantities
  IterQuantityAccess<VectorMutable>
    &c_iq   = s.c(),
    &Ypy_iq = s.Ypy();
  const Vector::vec_ptr_t
    cd_k = c_iq.get_k(0).sub_view(equ_decomp);
  const Vector
    &Ypy_k = Ypy_iq.get_k(0);
  
  value_type descent_c = -1.0;
  if( s.get_iter_quant_id( Gc_name ) != AlgorithmState::DOES_NOT_EXIST ) {
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nGc_k exists; compute descent_c = c_k(equ_decomp)'*Gc_k(:,equ_decomp)'*Ypy_k ...\n";
    }
    const MatrixOp::mat_ptr_t
      Gcd_k = s.Gc().get_k(0).sub_view(Range1D(),equ_decomp);
    VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
      t = cd_k->space().create_member();
    V_MtV( t.get(), *Gcd_k, BLAS_Cpp::trans, Ypy_k );
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
      out	<< "\nGc_k(:,equ_decomp)'*Ypy_k =\n" << *t;
    }
    descent_c = dot( *cd_k, *t );
  }
  else {
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nGc_k does not exist; compute descent_c = c_k(equ_decomp)'*FDGc_k(:,equ_decomp)'*Ypy_k "
        << "using finite differences ...\n";
    }
    VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
      t = nlp.space_c()->create_member();
    calc_fd_prod().calc_deriv_product(
      s.x().get_k(0),nb?&nlp.xl():NULL,nb?&nlp.xu():NULL
      ,Ypy_k,NULL,&c_iq.get_k(0),true,&nlp
      ,NULL,t.get()
      ,static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ? &out : NULL
      );
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
      out	<< "\nFDGc_k(:,equ_decomp)'*Ypy_k =\n" << *t->sub_view(equ_decomp);
    }
    descent_c = dot( *cd_k, *t->sub_view(equ_decomp) );
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    out	<< "\ndescent_c = " << descent_c << std::endl;
  }

  if( descent_c > 0.0 ) { // ToDo: add some allowance for > 0.0 for finite difference errors!
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nError, descent_c > 0.0; this is not a descent direction\n"
        << "Throw TestFailed and terminate the algorithm ...\n";
    }
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPTION(
      true, TestFailed
      ,"CheckDescentQuasiNormalStep_Step::do_step(...) : Error, descent for the decomposed constraints "
      "with respect to the quasi-normal step c_k(equ_decomp)'*FDGc_k(:,equ_decomp)'*Ypy_k = "
      << descent_c << " > 0.0;  This is not a descent direction!\n" );
  }

  return true;
}
bool TangentialStepIP_Step::do_step(
  Algorithm& _algo, poss_type step_poss, IterationPack::EDoStepType type
  ,poss_type assoc_step_poss
  )
  {
  using BLAS_Cpp::no_trans;
  using Teuchos::dyn_cast;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::assert_print_nan_inf;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vt_S;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_InvMtV;
   using LinAlgOpPack::M_StM;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Mp_StM;
  using LinAlgOpPack::assign;

  NLPAlgo	&algo	= rsqp_algo(_algo);
  IpState	    &s      = dyn_cast<IpState>(_algo.state());

  EJournalOutputLevel olevel = algo.algo_cntr().journal_output_level();
  std::ostream& out = algo.track().journal_out();

  // print step header.
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    using IterationPack::print_algorithm_step;
    print_algorithm_step( algo, step_poss, type, assoc_step_poss, out );
  }

  // Compute qp_grad which is an approximation to rGf + Z'*(mu*(invXu*e-invXl*e) + no_cross_term
  // minimize round off error by calc'ing Z'*(Gf + mu*(invXu*e-invXl*e))

  // qp_grad_k = Z'*(Gf + mu*(invXu*e-invXl*e))
  const MatrixSymDiagStd  &invXu = s.invXu().get_k(0);
  const MatrixSymDiagStd  &invXl = s.invXl().get_k(0);
  const value_type            &mu    = s.barrier_parameter().get_k(0);
  const MatrixOp          &Z_k   = s.Z().get_k(0);

  Teuchos::RCP<VectorMutable> rhs = s.Gf().get_k(0).clone();
  Vp_StV( rhs.get(), mu,      invXu.diag() );
  Vp_StV( rhs.get(), -1.0*mu, invXl.diag() );
  
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS ) 
    {
    out << "\n||Gf_k + mu_k*(invXu_k-invXl_k)||inf = " << rhs->norm_inf() << std::endl;
    }
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS)
    {
    out << "\nGf_k + mu_k*(invXu_k-invXl_k) =\n" << *rhs;
    }

  VectorMutable &qp_grad_k = s.qp_grad().set_k(0);
  V_MtV(&qp_grad_k, Z_k, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *rhs);
  
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS ) 
    {
    out << "\n||Z_k'*(Gf_k + mu_k*(invXu_k-invXl_k))||inf = " << qp_grad_k.norm_inf() << std::endl;
    }
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS )
    {
    out << "\nZ_k'*(Gf_k + mu_k*(invXu_k-invXl_k)) =\n" << qp_grad_k;
    }

  // error check for cross term
  value_type         &zeta    = s.zeta().set_k(0);
  const Vector &w_sigma = s.w_sigma().get_k(0);
  
  // need code to calculate damping parameter
  zeta = 1.0;

  Vp_StV(&qp_grad_k, zeta, w_sigma);

  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS ) 
    {
    out << "\n||qp_grad_k||inf = " << qp_grad_k.norm_inf() << std::endl;
    }
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS ) 
    {
    out << "\nqp_grad_k =\n" << qp_grad_k;
    }

  // build the "Hessian" term B = rHL + rHB
  // should this be MatrixSymOpNonsing
  const MatrixSymOp      &rHL_k = s.rHL().get_k(0);
  const MatrixSymOp      &rHB_k = s.rHB().get_k(0);
  MatrixSymOpNonsing &B_k   = dyn_cast<MatrixSymOpNonsing>(s.B().set_k(0));
  if (B_k.cols() != Z_k.cols())
    {
    // Initialize space in rHB
    dyn_cast<MatrixSymInitDiag>(B_k).init_identity(Z_k.space_rows(), 0.0);
    }

  //	M_StM(&B_k, 1.0, rHL_k, no_trans);
  assign(&B_k, rHL_k, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans);
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS ) 
    {
    out << "\nB_k = rHL_k =\n" << B_k;
    }
  Mp_StM(&B_k, 1.0, rHB_k, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans);
  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS ) 
    {
    out << "\nB_k = rHL_k + rHB_k =\n" << B_k;
    }

  // Solve the system pz = - inv(rHL) * qp_grad
  VectorMutable   &pz_k  = s.pz().set_k(0);
  V_InvMtV( &pz_k, B_k, no_trans, qp_grad_k );
  Vt_S( &pz_k, -1.0 );

  // Zpz = Z * pz
  V_MtV( &s.Zpz().set_k(0), s.Z().get_k(0), no_trans, pz_k );

  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS )
    {
    out	<< "\n||pz||inf   = " << s.pz().get_k(0).norm_inf()
      << "\nsum(Zpz)    = " << AbstractLinAlgPack::sum(s.Zpz().get_k(0))  << std::endl;
    }

  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS )
    {
    out << "\npz_k = \n" << s.pz().get_k(0);
    out << "\nnu_k = \n" << s.nu().get_k(0);
    out << "\nZpz_k = \n" << s.Zpz().get_k(0);
    out << std::endl;
    }

  if(algo.algo_cntr().check_results())
    {
    assert_print_nan_inf(s.pz().get_k(0),  "pz_k",true,&out);
    assert_print_nan_inf(s.Zpz().get_k(0), "Zpz_k",true,&out);
    }

  return true;
  }
bool TangentialStepWithInequStd_Step::do_step(
  Algorithm& _algo, poss_type step_poss, IterationPack::EDoStepType type
  ,poss_type assoc_step_poss
  )
{

  using Teuchos::RCP;
  using Teuchos::dyn_cast;
  using ::fabs;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vt_S;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_VpV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_VmV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_V;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
//	using ConstrainedOptPack::min_abs;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::max_near_feas_step;
  typedef VectorMutable::vec_mut_ptr_t   vec_mut_ptr_t;

  NLPAlgo &algo = rsqp_algo(_algo);
  NLPAlgoState &s = algo.rsqp_state();
  EJournalOutputLevel olevel = algo.algo_cntr().journal_output_level();
  EJournalOutputLevel ns_olevel = algo.algo_cntr().null_space_journal_output_level();
  std::ostream &out = algo.track().journal_out();
  //const bool check_results = algo.algo_cntr().check_results();

  // print step header.
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    using IterationPack::print_algorithm_step;
    print_algorithm_step( algo, step_poss, type, assoc_step_poss, out );
  }

  // problem dimensions
  const size_type
    //n  = algo.nlp().n(),
    m  = algo.nlp().m(),
    r  = s.equ_decomp().size();

  // Get the iteration quantity container objects
  IterQuantityAccess<value_type>
    &alpha_iq = s.alpha(),
    &zeta_iq  = s.zeta(),
    &eta_iq   = s.eta();
  IterQuantityAccess<VectorMutable>
    &dl_iq      = dl_iq_(s),
    &du_iq      = du_iq_(s),
    &nu_iq      = s.nu(),
    *c_iq       = m > 0  ? &s.c()       : NULL,
    *lambda_iq  = m > 0  ? &s.lambda()  : NULL,
    &rGf_iq     = s.rGf(),
    &w_iq       = s.w(),
    &qp_grad_iq = s.qp_grad(),
    &py_iq      = s.py(),
    &pz_iq      = s.pz(),
    &Ypy_iq     = s.Ypy(),
    &Zpz_iq     = s.Zpz();
  IterQuantityAccess<MatrixOp>
    &Z_iq   = s.Z(),
    //*Uz_iq  = (m > r)  ? &s.Uz() : NULL,
    *Uy_iq  = (m > r)  ? &s.Uy() : NULL;
  IterQuantityAccess<MatrixSymOp>
    &rHL_iq = s.rHL();
  IterQuantityAccess<ActSetStats>
    &act_set_stats_iq = act_set_stats_(s);
  
  // Accessed/modified/updated (just some)
  VectorMutable  *Ypy_k = (m ? &Ypy_iq.get_k(0) : NULL);
  const MatrixOp  &Z_k   = Z_iq.get_k(0);
  VectorMutable  &pz_k  = pz_iq.set_k(0);
  VectorMutable  &Zpz_k = Zpz_iq.set_k(0);

  // Comupte qp_grad which is an approximation to rGf + Z'*HL*Y*py

  // qp_grad = rGf
  VectorMutable
    &qp_grad_k = ( qp_grad_iq.set_k(0) = rGf_iq.get_k(0) );

  // qp_grad += zeta * w
  if( w_iq.updated_k(0) ) {
    if(zeta_iq.updated_k(0))
      Vp_StV( &qp_grad_k, zeta_iq.get_k(0), w_iq.get_k(0) );
    else
      Vp_V( &qp_grad_k, w_iq.get_k(0) );
  }

  //
  // Set the bounds for:
  //
  //   dl <= Z*pz + Y*py <= du  ->  dl - Ypy <= Z*pz <= du - Ypz

  vec_mut_ptr_t
    bl = s.space_x().create_member(),
    bu = s.space_x().create_member();

  if(m) {
    // bl = dl_k - Ypy_k
    V_VmV( bl.get(), dl_iq.get_k(0), *Ypy_k );
    // bu = du_k - Ypy_k
    V_VmV( bu.get(), du_iq.get_k(0), *Ypy_k );
  }
  else {
    *bl = dl_iq.get_k(0);
    *bu = du_iq.get_k(0);
  }

  // Print out the QP bounds for the constraints
  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out << "\nqp_grad_k = \n" << qp_grad_k;
  }
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out << "\nbl = \n" << *bl;
    out << "\nbu = \n" << *bu;
  }

  //
  // Determine if we should perform a warm start or not.
  //
  bool do_warm_start = false;
  if( act_set_stats_iq.updated_k(-1) ) {
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nDetermining if the QP should use a warm start ...\n";
    }
    // We need to see if we should preform a warm start for the next iteration
    ActSetStats &stats = act_set_stats_iq.get_k(-1);
    const size_type
      num_active = stats.num_active(),
      num_adds   = stats.num_adds(),
      num_drops  = stats.num_drops();
    const value_type
      frac_same
      = ( num_adds == ActSetStats::NOT_KNOWN || num_active == 0
        ? 0.0
        : my_max(((double)(num_active)-num_adds-num_drops) / num_active, 0.0 ) );
    do_warm_start = ( num_active > 0 && frac_same >= warm_start_frac() );
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out << "\nnum_active = " << num_active;
      if( num_active ) {
        out	<< "\nmax(num_active-num_adds-num_drops,0)/(num_active) = "
          << "max("<<num_active<<"-"<<num_adds<<"-"<<num_drops<<",0)/("<<num_active<<") = "
          << frac_same;
        if( do_warm_start )
          out << " >= ";
        else
          out << " < ";
        out << "warm_start_frac = " << warm_start_frac();
      }
      if( do_warm_start )
        out << "\nUse a warm start this time!\n";
      else
        out << "\nDon't use a warm start this time!\n";
    }
  }

  // Use active set from last iteration as an estimate for current active set
  // if we are to use a warm start.
  // 
  // ToDo: If the selection of dependent and independent variables changes
  // then you will have to adjust this or not perform a warm start at all!
  if( do_warm_start ) {
    nu_iq.set_k(0,-1);
  }
  else {
    nu_iq.set_k(0) = 0.0; // No guess of the active set
  }
  VectorMutable  &nu_k  = nu_iq.get_k(0);

  //
  // Setup the reduced QP subproblem
  //
  // The call to the QP is setup for the more flexible call to the QPSolverRelaxed
  // interface to deal with the three independent variabilities: using simple
  // bounds for pz or not, general inequalities included or not, and extra equality
  // constraints included or not.
  // If this method of calling the QP solver were not used then 4 separate
  // calls to solve_qp(...) would have to be included to handle the four possible
  // QP formulations.
  //

  // The numeric arguments for the QP solver (in the nomenclatrue of QPSolverRelaxed)

  const value_type  qp_bnd_inf = NLP::infinite_bound();

  const Vector            &qp_g       = qp_grad_k;
  const MatrixSymOp       &qp_G       = rHL_iq.get_k(0);
  const value_type        qp_etaL     = 0.0;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_dL       = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_dU       = Teuchos::null;
  Teuchos::RCP<const MatrixOp>
                          qp_E        = Teuchos::null;
  BLAS_Cpp::Transp        qp_trans_E  = BLAS_Cpp::no_trans;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_b        = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_eL       = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_eU       = Teuchos::null;
  Teuchos::RCP<const MatrixOp>
                          qp_F        = Teuchos::null;
  BLAS_Cpp::Transp        qp_trans_F  = BLAS_Cpp::no_trans;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_f        = Teuchos::null;
  value_type              qp_eta      = 0.0;
  VectorMutable           &qp_d       = pz_k;  // pz_k will be updated directly!
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_nu       = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_mu       = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_Ed       = Teuchos::null;
  vec_mut_ptr_t           qp_lambda   = Teuchos::null;

  //
  // Determine if we can use simple bounds on pz.
  // 
  // If we have a variable-reduction null-space matrix
  // (with any choice for Y) then:
  // 
  // d = Z*pz + (1-eta) * Y*py
  // 
  // [ d(var_dep)   ]  = [ D ] * pz  + (1-eta) * [ Ypy(var_dep)   ]
  // [ d(var_indep) ]    [ I ]                   [ Ypy(var_indep) ]
  // 
  // For a cooridinate decomposition (Y = [ I ; 0 ]) then Ypy(var_indep) ==
  // 0.0 and in this case the bounds on d(var_indep) become simple bounds on
  // pz even with the relaxation.  Also, if dl(var_dep) and du(var_dep) are
  // unbounded, then we can also use simple bounds since we don't need the
  // relaxation and we can set eta=0. In this case we just have to subtract
  // from the upper and lower bounds on pz!
  // 
  // Otherwise, we can not use simple variable bounds and implement the
  // relaxation properly.
  // 

  const MatrixIdentConcat
    *Zvr = dynamic_cast<const MatrixIdentConcat*>( &Z_k );
  const Range1D
    var_dep   = Zvr ? Zvr->D_rng() : Range1D::Invalid,
    var_indep = Zvr ? Zvr->I_rng() : Range1D();

  RCP<Vector> Ypy_indep;
  const value_type
    Ypy_indep_norm_inf
    = ( m ? (Ypy_indep=Ypy_k->sub_view(var_indep))->norm_inf() : 0.0);

  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS )
    out
      << "\nDetermine if we can use simple bounds on pz ...\n"
      << "    m = " << m << std::endl
      << "    dynamic_cast<const MatrixIdentConcat*>(&Z_k) = " << Zvr << std::endl
      << "    ||Ypy_k(var_indep)||inf = " << Ypy_indep_norm_inf << std::endl;

  const bool
    bounded_var_dep
    = (
      m > 0
      &&
      num_bounded( *bl->sub_view(var_dep), *bu->sub_view(var_dep), qp_bnd_inf )
      );

  const bool
    use_simple_pz_bounds
    = (
      m == 0
      ||
      ( Zvr != NULL && ( Ypy_indep_norm_inf == 0.0 || bounded_var_dep == 0 ) )
      );

  if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS )
    out
      << (use_simple_pz_bounds
          ? "\nUsing simple bounds on pz ...\n"
          : "\nUsing bounds on full Z*pz ...\n")
      << (bounded_var_dep
          ? "\nThere are finite bounds on dependent variables.  Adding extra inequality constrints for D*pz ...\n" 
          : "\nThere are no finite bounds on dependent variables.  There will be no extra inequality constraints added on D*pz ...\n" ) ;

  if( use_simple_pz_bounds ) {
    // Set simple bound constraints on pz
    qp_dL = bl->sub_view(var_indep);
    qp_dU = bu->sub_view(var_indep);
    qp_nu = nu_k.sub_view(var_indep); // nu_k(var_indep) will be updated directly!
    if( m && bounded_var_dep ) {
      // Set general inequality constraints for D*pz
      qp_E   = Teuchos::rcp(&Zvr->D(),false);
      qp_b   = Ypy_k->sub_view(var_dep);
      qp_eL  = bl->sub_view(var_dep);
      qp_eU  = bu->sub_view(var_dep);
      qp_mu  = nu_k.sub_view(var_dep);  // nu_k(var_dep) will be updated directly!
      qp_Ed  = Zpz_k.sub_view(var_dep); // Zpz_k(var_dep) will be updated directly!
    }
    else {
      // Leave these as NULL since there is no extra general inequality constraints
    }
  }
  else if( !use_simple_pz_bounds ) { // ToDo: Leave out parts for unbounded dependent variables!
    // There are no simple bounds! (leave qp_dL, qp_dU and qp_nu as null)
    // Set general inequality constraints for Z*pz
    qp_E   = Teuchos::rcp(&Z_k,false);
    qp_b   = Teuchos::rcp(Ypy_k,false);
    qp_eL  = bl;
    qp_eU  = bu;
    qp_mu  = Teuchos::rcp(&nu_k,false);
    qp_Ed  = Teuchos::rcp(&Zpz_k,false); // Zpz_k will be updated directly!
  }
  else {
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPT(true);
  }

  // Set the general equality constriants (if they exist)
  Range1D equ_undecomp = s.equ_undecomp();
  if( m > r && m > 0 ) {
    // qp_f = Uy_k * py_k + c_k(equ_undecomp)
    qp_f = s.space_c().sub_space(equ_undecomp)->create_member();
    V_MtV( qp_f.get(), Uy_iq->get_k(0), BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, py_iq.get_k(0) );
    Vp_V( qp_f.get(), *c_iq->get_k(0).sub_view(equ_undecomp) );
    // Must resize for the undecomposed constriants if it has not already been
    qp_F       = Teuchos::rcp(&Uy_iq->get_k(0),false);
    qp_lambda  = lambda_iq->set_k(0).sub_view(equ_undecomp); // lambda_k(equ_undecomp), will be updated directly!
  }

  // Setup the rest of the arguments

  QPSolverRelaxed::EOutputLevel
    qp_olevel;
  switch( olevel ) {
    case PRINT_NOTHING:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_NONE;
      break;
    case PRINT_BASIC_ALGORITHM_INFO:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_NONE;
      break;
    case PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_BASIC_INFO;
      break;
    case PRINT_ACTIVE_SET:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_ITER_SUMMARY;
      break;
    case PRINT_VECTORS:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_ITER_VECTORS;
      break;
    case PRINT_ITERATION_QUANTITIES:
      qp_olevel = QPSolverRelaxed::PRINT_EVERY_THING;
      break;
    default:
      TEST_FOR_EXCEPT(true);
  }
  // ToDo: Set print options so that only vectors matrices etc
  // are only printed in the null space

  //
  // Solve the QP
  // 
  qp_solver().infinite_bound(qp_bnd_inf);
  const QPSolverStats::ESolutionType
    solution_type =
    qp_solver().solve_qp(
      int(olevel) == int(PRINT_NOTHING) ? NULL : &out
      ,qp_olevel
      ,( algo.algo_cntr().check_results()
         ? QPSolverRelaxed::RUN_TESTS :  QPSolverRelaxed::NO_TESTS )
      ,qp_g, qp_G, qp_etaL, qp_dL.get(), qp_dU.get()
      ,qp_E.get(), qp_trans_E, qp_E.get() ? qp_b.get() : NULL
      ,qp_E.get() ? qp_eL.get() : NULL, qp_E.get() ? qp_eU.get() : NULL
      ,qp_F.get(), qp_trans_F, qp_F.get() ? qp_f.get() : NULL
      ,NULL // obj_d
      ,&qp_eta, &qp_d
      ,qp_nu.get()
      ,qp_mu.get(), qp_E.get() ? qp_Ed.get() : NULL
      ,qp_F.get() ? qp_lambda.get() : NULL
      ,NULL // qp_Fd
      );

  //
  // Check the optimality conditions for the QP
  //
  std::ostringstream omsg;
  bool throw_qp_failure = false;
  if(		qp_testing() == QP_TEST
    || ( qp_testing() == QP_TEST_DEFAULT && algo.algo_cntr().check_results() )  )
  {
    if( int(olevel) >= int(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nChecking the optimality conditions of the reduced QP subproblem ...\n";
    }
    if(!qp_tester().check_optimality_conditions(
      solution_type,qp_solver().infinite_bound()
      ,int(olevel) == int(PRINT_NOTHING) ? NULL : &out
      ,int(olevel) >= int(PRINT_VECTORS) ? true : false
      ,int(olevel) >= int(PRINT_ITERATION_QUANTITIES) ? true : false
      ,qp_g, qp_G, qp_etaL, qp_dL.get(), qp_dU.get()
      ,qp_E.get(), qp_trans_E, qp_E.get() ? qp_b.get() : NULL
      ,qp_E.get() ? qp_eL.get() : NULL, qp_E.get() ? qp_eU.get() : NULL
      ,qp_F.get(), qp_trans_F, qp_F.get() ? qp_f.get() : NULL
      ,NULL // obj_d
      ,&qp_eta, &qp_d
      ,qp_nu.get()
      ,qp_mu.get(), qp_E.get() ? qp_Ed.get() : NULL
      ,qp_F.get() ? qp_lambda.get() : NULL
      ,NULL // qp_Fd
      ))
    {
      omsg << "\n*** Alert! at least one of the QP optimality conditions did not check out.\n";
      if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out << omsg.str();
      }
      throw_qp_failure = true;
    }
  }

  //
  // Set the solution
  //
  if( !use_simple_pz_bounds ) {
    // Everything is already updated!
  }
  else if( use_simple_pz_bounds ) {
    // Just have to set Zpz_k(var_indep) = pz_k
    *Zpz_k.sub_view(var_indep) = pz_k;
    if( m && !bounded_var_dep ) {
      // Must compute Zpz_k(var_dep) = D*pz
      LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV( &*Zpz_k.sub_view(var_dep), Zvr->D(), BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, pz_k );
      // ToDo: Remove the compuation of Zpz here unless you must
    }
  }
  else {
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPT(true);
  }

  // Set the solution statistics
  qp_solver_stats_(s).set_k(0) = qp_solver().get_qp_stats();

  // Cut back Ypy_k = (1-eta) * Ypy_k
  const value_type eps = std::numeric_limits<value_type>::epsilon();
  if( fabs(qp_eta - 0.0) > eps ) {
    if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out
        << "\n*** Alert! the QP was infeasible (eta = "<<qp_eta<<").  Cutting back Ypy_k = (1.0 - eta)*Ypy_k  ...\n";
    }
    Vt_S( Ypy_k, 1.0 - qp_eta );
  }

  // eta_k
  eta_iq.set_k(0) = qp_eta;

  //
  // Modify the solution if we have to!
  // 
  switch(solution_type) {
    case QPSolverStats::OPTIMAL_SOLUTION:
      break;	// we are good!
    case QPSolverStats::PRIMAL_FEASIBLE_POINT:
    {
      omsg
        << "\n*** Alert! the returned QP solution is PRIMAL_FEASIBLE_POINT but not optimal!\n";
      if( primal_feasible_point_error() )
        omsg
          << "\n*** primal_feasible_point_error == true, this is an error!\n";
      if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out << omsg.str();
      }
      throw_qp_failure = primal_feasible_point_error();
      break;
    }	
    case QPSolverStats::DUAL_FEASIBLE_POINT:
    {
      omsg
        << "\n*** Alert! the returned QP solution is DUAL_FEASIBLE_POINT"
        << "\n*** but not optimal so we cut back the step ...\n";
      if( dual_feasible_point_error() )
        omsg
          << "\n*** dual_feasible_point_error == true, this is an error!\n";
      if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out << omsg.str();
      }
      // Cut back the step to fit in the bounds
      // 
      // dl <= u*(Ypy_k+Zpz_k) <= du
      //
      vec_mut_ptr_t
        zero  = s.space_x().create_member(0.0),
        d_tmp = s.space_x().create_member();
      V_VpV( d_tmp.get(), *Ypy_k, Zpz_k );
      const std::pair<value_type,value_type>
        u_steps = max_near_feas_step( *zero, *d_tmp, dl_iq.get_k(0), du_iq.get_k(0), 0.0 );
      const value_type
        u = my_min( u_steps.first, 1.0 ); // largest positive step size
      alpha_iq.set_k(0) = u;
      if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out	<< "\nFinding u s.t. dl <= u*(Ypy_k+Zpz_k) <= du\n"
          << "max step length u = " << u << std::endl
          << "alpha_k = u = " << alpha_iq.get_k(0) << std::endl;
      }
      throw_qp_failure = dual_feasible_point_error();
      break;
    }	
    case QPSolverStats::SUBOPTIMAL_POINT:
    {
      omsg
        << "\n*** Alert!, the returned QP solution is SUBOPTIMAL_POINT!\n";
      if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out << omsg.str();
      }
      throw_qp_failure = true;
      break;
    }
    default:
      TEST_FOR_EXCEPT(true);	// should not happen!
  }

  //
  // Output the final solution!
  //
  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    out	<< "\n||pz_k||inf    = " << s.pz().get_k(0).norm_inf()
      << "\nnu_k.nz()      = " << s.nu().get_k(0).nz()
      << "\nmax(|nu_k(i)|) = " << s.nu().get_k(0).norm_inf()
//			<< "\nmin(|nu_k(i)|) = " << min_abs( s.nu().get_k(0)() )
      ;
    if( m > r ) out << "\n||lambda_k(undecomp)||inf = " << s.lambda().get_k(0).norm_inf();
    out	<< "\n||Zpz_k||2     = " << s.Zpz().get_k(0).norm_2()
      ;
    if(qp_eta > 0.0) out << "\n||Ypy||2 = " << s.Ypy().get_k(0).norm_2();
    out << std::endl;
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out << "\npz_k = \n" << s.pz().get_k(0);
    if(var_indep.size())
      out << "\nnu_k(var_indep) = \n" << *s.nu().get_k(0).sub_view(var_indep);
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    if(var_indep.size())
      out	<< "\nZpz(var_indep)_k = \n" << *s.Zpz().get_k(0).sub_view(var_indep);
    out << std::endl;
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    if(var_dep.size())
      out	<< "\nZpz(var_dep)_k = \n" << *s.Zpz().get_k(0).sub_view(var_dep);
    out	<< "\nZpz_k = \n" << s.Zpz().get_k(0);
    out << std::endl;
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out << "\nnu_k = \n" << s.nu().get_k(0);
    if(var_dep.size())
      out << "\nnu_k(var_dep) = \n" << *s.nu().get_k(0).sub_view(var_dep);
    if( m > r )
      out << "\nlambda_k(equ_undecomp) = \n" << *s.lambda().get_k(0).sub_view(equ_undecomp);
    if(qp_eta > 0.0) out << "\nYpy = \n" << s.Ypy().get_k(0);
  }

  if( qp_eta == 1.0 ) {
    omsg
      << "TangentialStepWithInequStd_Step::do_step(...) : Error, a QP relaxation parameter\n"
      << "of eta = " << qp_eta << " was calculated and therefore it must be assumed\n"
      << "that the NLP's constraints are infeasible\n"
      << "Throwing an InfeasibleConstraints exception!\n";
    if(  static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out << omsg.str();
    }
    throw InfeasibleConstraints(omsg.str());
  }

  if( throw_qp_failure )
    throw QPFailure( omsg.str(), qp_solver().get_qp_stats() );

  return true;
}
QPSolverStats::ESolutionType
QPSolverRelaxedQPKWIK::imp_solve_qp(
  std::ostream* out, EOutputLevel olevel, ERunTests test_what
  ,const Vector& g, const MatrixSymOp& G
  ,value_type etaL
  ,const Vector* dL, const Vector* dU
  ,const MatrixOp* E, BLAS_Cpp::Transp trans_E, const Vector* b
  ,const Vector* eL, const Vector* eU
  ,const MatrixOp* F, BLAS_Cpp::Transp trans_F, const Vector* f
  ,value_type* obj_d
  ,value_type* eta, VectorMutable* d
  ,VectorMutable* nu
  ,VectorMutable* mu, VectorMutable* Ed
  ,VectorMutable* lambda, VectorMutable* Fd
  )
{
  using Teuchos::dyn_cast;
  using DenseLinAlgPack::nonconst_tri_ele;
  using LinAlgOpPack::dot;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::assign;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::EtaVector;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::transVtMtV;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::num_bounded;
  using ConstrainedOptPack::MatrixExtractInvCholFactor;

  // /////////////////////////
  // Map to QPKWIK input

  // Validate that rHL is of the proper type.
  const MatrixExtractInvCholFactor &cG
    = dyn_cast<const MatrixExtractInvCholFactor>(G);

  // Determine the number of sparse bounds on variables and inequalities.
  // By default set for the dense case
  const value_type inf = this->infinite_bound();
  const size_type
    nd              = d->dim(),
    m_in            = E  ? b->dim()                  : 0,
    m_eq            = F  ? f->dim()                  : 0,
    nvarbounds      = dL ? num_bounded(*dL,*dU,inf)  : 0,
    ninequbounds    = E  ? num_bounded(*eL,*eU,inf)  : 0,
    nequalities     = F  ? f->dim()                  : 0;

  // Determine if this is a QP with a structure different from the
  // one just solved.
  
  const bool same_qp_struct = (  N_ == nd && M1_ == nvarbounds && M2_ == ninequbounds && M3_ == nequalities );

  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Set the input parameters to be sent to QPKWIKNEW

  // N
  N_ = nd;

  // M1
  M1_ = nvarbounds;

  // M2
  M2_ = ninequbounds;

  // M3
  M3_ = nequalities;

  // GRAD
  GRAD_ = VectorDenseEncap(g)();

  // UINV_AUG
  //
  // UINV_AUG = [ sqrt(bigM)  0  ]
  //            [ 0           L' ]
  //
  UINV_AUG_.resize(N_+1,N_+1);
  cG.extract_inv_chol( &nonconst_tri_ele( UINV_AUG_(2,N_+1,2,N_+1), BLAS_Cpp::upper ) );
  UINV_AUG_(1,1) = 1.0 / ::sqrt( NUMPARAM_[2] );
  UINV_AUG_.col(1)(2,N_+1) = 0.0;
  UINV_AUG_.row(1)(2,N_+1) = 0.0;

  // LDUINV_AUG
  LDUINV_AUG_ = UINV_AUG_.rows();

  // IBND, BL , BU, A, LDA, YPY

  IBND_INV_.resize( nd + m_in);
  std::fill( IBND_INV_.begin(), IBND_INV_.end(), 0 ); // Initialize the zero
  IBND_.resize( my_max( 1, M1_ + M2_ ) );
  BL_.resize( my_max( 1, M1_ + M2_ ) );
  BU_.resize( my_max( 1, M1_ + M2_ + M3_ ) );
  LDA_ = my_max( 1, M2_ + M3_ );
  A_.resize( LDA_, (  M2_ + M3_ > 0 ? N_ : 1 ) );
  YPY_.resize( my_max( 1, M1_ + M2_ ) );
  if(M1_)
    YPY_(1,M1_) = 0.0; // Must be for this QP interface

  // Initialize variable bound constraints
  if( dL ) {
    VectorDenseEncap dL_de(*dL);
    VectorDenseEncap dU_de(*dU);
    // read iterators
    AbstractLinAlgPack::sparse_bounds_itr
      dLU_itr( dL_de().begin(), dL_de().end()
          ,dU_de().begin(), dU_de().end()
          ,inf );
    // written iterators
    IBND_t::iterator
      IBND_itr = IBND_.begin(),
      IBND_end = IBND_.begin() + M1_;
    DVector::iterator
      BL_itr = BL_.begin(),
      BU_itr = BU_.begin(),
      YPY_itr = YPY_.begin();
    // Loop
    for( size_type ibnd_i = 1; IBND_itr != IBND_end; ++ibnd_i, ++dLU_itr ) {
      IBND_INV_[dLU_itr.index()-1] = ibnd_i;
      *IBND_itr++ = dLU_itr.index();
      *BL_itr++	= dLU_itr.lbound();
      *BU_itr++	= dLU_itr.ubound();
      *YPY_itr++	= 0.0; // Must be zero with this QP interface
    }
  }

  // Initialize inequality constraints
  
  if(M2_) {
    VectorDenseEncap eL_de(*eL);
    VectorDenseEncap eU_de(*eU);
    VectorDenseEncap b_de(*b);
    AbstractLinAlgPack::sparse_bounds_itr
      eLU_itr( eL_de().begin(), eL_de().end()
          ,eU_de().begin(), eU_de().end()
          ,inf );
    if( M2_ < m_in ) {
      // Initialize BL, BU, YPY and A for sparse bounds on general inequalities
      // written iterators
      DVector::iterator
        BL_itr		= BL_.begin() + M1_,
        BU_itr		= BU_.begin() + M1_,
        YPY_itr		= YPY_.begin() + M1_;
      IBND_t::iterator
        ibnds_itr	= IBND_.begin() + M1_;
      // loop
      for(size_type i = 1; i <= M2_; ++i, ++eLU_itr, ++ibnds_itr ) {
        TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !( !eLU_itr.at_end() ) );
        const size_type k      = eLU_itr.index();
        *BL_itr++              = eLU_itr.lbound();
        *BU_itr++              = eLU_itr.ubound();
        *YPY_itr++             = b_de()(k);
        *ibnds_itr             = k;  // Only for my record, not used by QPKWIK
        IBND_INV_[nd+k-1]      = M1_ + i;
        // Add the corresponding row of op(E) to A
        // y == A.row(i)'
        // y' = e_k' * op(E) => y = op(E')*e_k
        DVectorSlice y = A_.row(i);
        EtaVector e_k(k,eL_de().dim());
        V_MtV( &y( 1, N_ ), *E, BLAS_Cpp::trans_not(trans_E), e_k() ); // op(E')*e_k
      }
    }
    else {
      //
      // Initialize BL, BU, YPY and A for dense bounds on general inequalities
      //
      // Initialize BL(M1+1:M1+M2), BU(M1+1:M1+M2)
      // and IBND(M1+1:M1+M2) = identity (only for my record, not used by QPKWIK)
      DVector::iterator
        BL_itr		= BL_.begin() + M1_,
        BU_itr		= BU_.begin() + M1_;
      IBND_t::iterator
        ibnds_itr	= IBND_.begin() + M1_;
      for(size_type i = 1; i <= m_in; ++i ) {
        if( !eLU_itr.at_end() && eLU_itr.index() == i ) {
          *BL_itr++ = eLU_itr.lbound();
          *BU_itr++ = eLU_itr.ubound();
          ++eLU_itr;
        }
        else {
          *BL_itr++ = -inf;
          *BU_itr++ = +inf;
        }
        *ibnds_itr++     = i;
        IBND_INV_[nd+i-1]= M1_ + i;
      }
      // A(1:M2,1:N) = op(E)
      assign( &A_(1,M2_,1,N_), *E, trans_E );
      // YPY
      YPY_(M1_+1,M1_+M2_) = b_de();
    }
  }

  // Initialize equalities

  if(M3_) {
    V_StV( &BU_( M1_ + M2_ + 1, M1_ + M2_ + M3_ ), -1.0, VectorDenseEncap(*f)() );
    assign( &A_( M2_ + 1, M2_ + M3_, 1, N_ ), *F, trans_F );
  }

  // IYPY
  IYPY_ = 1; // ???

  // WARM
  WARM_ = 0; // Cold start by default

  // MAX_ITER
  MAX_ITER_ = static_cast<f_int>(max_qp_iter_frac() * N_);

  // INF
  INF_ = ( same_qp_struct ? 1 : 0 );
  
  // Initilize output, internal state and workspace quantities.
  if(!same_qp_struct) {
    X_.resize(N_);
    NACTSTORE_ = 0;
    IACTSTORE_.resize(N_+1);
    IACT_.resize(N_+1);
    UR_.resize(N_+1);
    ISTATE_.resize( QPKWIKNEW_CppDecl::qpkwiknew_listate(N_,M1_,M2_,M3_) );
    LRW_ = QPKWIKNEW_CppDecl::qpkwiknew_lrw(N_,M1_,M2_,M3_);
    RW_.resize(LRW_);
  }

  // /////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Setup a warm start form the input arguments
  //
  // Interestingly enough, QPKWIK sorts all of the
  // constraints according to scaled multiplier values
  // and mixes equality with inequality constriants.
  // It seems to me that you should start with equality
  // constraints first.

  WARM_      = 0;
  NACTSTORE_ = 0;

  if( m_eq ) {
    // Add equality constraints first since we know these will
    // be part of the active set.
    for( size_type j = 1; j <= m_eq; ++j ) {
      IACTSTORE_[NACTSTORE_] = 2*M1_ + 2*M2_ + j;
      ++NACTSTORE_;
    }
  }
  if( ( nu && nu->nz() ) || ( mu && mu->nz() ) ) {
    // Add inequality constraints
    const size_type
      nu_nz = nu ? nu->nz() : 0,
      mu_nz = mu ? mu->nz() : 0;
    // Combine all the multipliers for the bound and general inequality
    // constraints and sort them from the largest to the smallest.  Hopefully
    // the constraints with the larger multiplier values will not be dropped
    // from the active set.
    SpVector gamma( nd + 1 + m_in , nu_nz + mu_nz );
    typedef SpVector::element_type ele_t;
    if(nu && nu_nz) {
      VectorDenseEncap nu_de(*nu);
      DVectorSlice::const_iterator
        nu_itr = nu_de().begin(),
        nu_end = nu_de().end();
      index_type i = 1;
      while( nu_itr != nu_end ) {
        for( ; *nu_itr == 0.0; ++nu_itr, ++i );
        gamma.add_element(ele_t(i,*nu_itr));
        ++nu_itr; ++i;
      }
    }
    if(mu && mu_nz) {
      VectorDenseEncap mu_de(*mu);
      DVectorSlice::const_iterator
        mu_itr = mu_de().begin(),
        mu_end = mu_de().end();
      index_type i = 1;
      while( mu_itr != mu_end ) {
        for( ; *mu_itr == 0.0; ++mu_itr, ++i );
        gamma.add_element(ele_t(i+nd,*mu_itr));
        ++mu_itr; ++i;
      }
    }
    std::sort( gamma.begin(), gamma.end()
      , AbstractLinAlgPack::SortByDescendingAbsValue() );
    // Now add the inequality constraints in decreasing order
    const SpVector::difference_type o = gamma.offset();
    for( SpVector::const_iterator itr = gamma.begin(); itr != gamma.end(); ++itr ) {
      const size_type  j   = itr->index() + o;
      const value_type val = itr->value();
      if( j <= nd ) { // Variable bound
        const size_type ibnd_i = IBND_INV_[j-1];
        TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !( ibnd_i ) );
        IACTSTORE_[NACTSTORE_]
          = (val < 0.0
             ? ibnd_i               // lower bound (see IACT(*))
             : M1_ + M2_ + ibnd_i   // upper bound (see IACT(*))
            );
        ++NACTSTORE_;
      }
      else if( j <= nd + m_in ) { // General inequality constraint
        const size_type ibnd_i = IBND_INV_[j-1]; // offset into M1_ + ibnd_j
        TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !( ibnd_i ) );
        IACTSTORE_[NACTSTORE_]
          = (val < 0.0
             ? ibnd_i               // lower bound (see IACT(*))
             : M1_ + M2_ + ibnd_i   // upper bound (see IACT(*))
            );
        ++NACTSTORE_;
      }
    }
  }
  if( NACTSTORE_ > 0 )
    WARM_ = 1;

  // /////////////////////////
  // Call QPKWIK

  if( out && olevel > PRINT_NONE ) {
    *out
      << "\nCalling QPKWIK to solve QP problem ...\n";
  }

  QPKWIKNEW_CppDecl::qpkwiknew(
    N_, M1_, M2_, M3_, &GRAD_(1), &UINV_AUG_(1,1), LDUINV_AUG_, &IBND_[0]
    ,&BL_(1), &BU_(1), &A_(1,1), LDA_, &YPY_(1), IYPY_, WARM_, NUMPARAM_, MAX_ITER_, &X_(1)
    ,&NACTSTORE_, &IACTSTORE_[0], &INF_, &NACT_, &IACT_[0], &UR_[0], &EXTRA_
    ,&ITER_, &NUM_ADDS_, &NUM_DROPS_, &ISTATE_[0], LRW_, &RW_[0]
    );

  // ////////////////////////
  // Map from QPKWIK output

  // eta
  *eta = EXTRA_;
  // d
  (VectorDenseMutableEncap(*d))() = X_();
  // nu (simple variable bounds) and mu (general inequalities)
  if(nu) *nu = 0.0;
  if(mu) *mu = 0.0;
  // ToDo: Create VectorDenseMutableEncap views for faster access!
  {for(size_type i = 1; i <= NACT_; ++i) {
    size_type j = IACT_[i-1];
    EConstraintType type = constraint_type(M1_,M2_,M3_,j);
    FortranTypes::f_int idc = constraint_index(M1_,M2_,M3_,&IBND_[0],type,j);
    switch(type) {
      case NU_L:
        nu->set_ele( idc , -UR_(i) );
        break;
      case GAMA_L:
        mu->set_ele( IBND_[ M1_ + idc - 1 ], -UR_(i) );
        break;
      case NU_U:
        nu->set_ele( idc, UR_(i)) ;
        break;
      case GAMA_U:
        mu->set_ele( IBND_[ M1_ + idc - 1 ], UR_(i) );
        break;
      case LAMBDA:
        lambda->set_ele( idc, UR_(i) );
        break;
    }
  }}
  // obj_d (This could be updated within QPKWIK in the future)
  if(obj_d) {
    // obj_d = g'*d + 1/2 * d' * G * g
    *obj_d = dot(g,*d) + 0.5 * transVtMtV(*d,G,BLAS_Cpp::no_trans,*d);
  }
  // Ed (This could be updated within QPKWIK in the future)
  if(Ed) {
    V_MtV( Ed, *E, trans_E, *d );
  }
  // Fd (This could be updated within QPKWIK in the future)
  if(Fd) {
    V_MtV( Fd, *F, trans_F, *d );
  }
  // Set the QP statistics
  QPSolverStats::ESolutionType solution_type;
  if( INF_ >= 0 ) {
    solution_type = QPSolverStats::OPTIMAL_SOLUTION;
  }
  else if( INF_ == -1 ) { // Infeasible constraints
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPTION(
      true, QPSolverRelaxed::Infeasible
      ,"QPSolverRelaxedQPKWIK::solve_qp(...) : Error, QP is infeasible" );
  }
  else if( INF_ == -2 ) { // LRW too small
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !( INF_ != -2 ) );  // Local programming error?
  }
  else if( INF_ == -3 ) { // Max iterations exceeded
    solution_type = QPSolverStats::DUAL_FEASIBLE_POINT;
  }
  else {
    TEST_FOR_EXCEPT(true); // Unknown return value!
  }
  qp_stats_.set_stats(
    solution_type, QPSolverStats::CONVEX
    ,ITER_, NUM_ADDS_, NUM_DROPS_
    ,WARM_==1, *eta > 0.0 );

  return qp_stats_.solution_type();
}
bool CalcReducedGradLagrangianStd_AddedStep::do_step(
  Algorithm& _algo, poss_type step_poss, IterationPack::EDoStepType type
  ,poss_type assoc_step_poss
  )
{
  using BLAS_Cpp::trans;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_VpV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_V;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_MtV;

  NLPAlgo	        &algo  = rsqp_algo(_algo);
  NLPAlgoState    &s     = algo.rsqp_state();

  EJournalOutputLevel olevel = algo.algo_cntr().journal_output_level();
  EJournalOutputLevel ns_olevel = algo.algo_cntr().null_space_journal_output_level();
  std::ostream& out = algo.track().journal_out();

  // print step header.
  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    using IterationPack::print_algorithm_step;
    print_algorithm_step( algo, step_poss, type, assoc_step_poss, out );
  }

  // Calculate: rGL = rGf + Z' * nu + Uz' * lambda(equ_undecomp)

  IterQuantityAccess<VectorMutable>
    &rGL_iq  = s.rGL(),
    &nu_iq   = s.nu(),
    &Gf_iq   = s.Gf();

  VectorMutable &rGL_k = rGL_iq.set_k(0);

  if( nu_iq.updated_k(0) && nu_iq.get_k(0).nz() > 0 ) {
    // Compute rGL = Z'*(Gf + nu) to reduce the effect of roundoff in this
    // catastropic cancelation
    const Vector &nu_k = nu_iq.get_k(0);
    VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
      tmp = nu_k.space().create_member();

    if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS )
      out << "\nnu_k = \n" << nu_k;
    V_VpV( tmp.get(), Gf_iq.get_k(0), nu_k );
    if( (int)olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS )
      out << "\nGf_k+nu_k = \n" << *tmp;
    V_MtV(	&rGL_k, s.Z().get_k(0), trans, *tmp );
    if( (int)ns_olevel >= (int)PRINT_VECTORS )
      out << "\nrGL_k = \n" << rGL_k;
  }
  else {
    rGL_k = s.rGf().get_k(0);
  }

  // ToDo: Add terms for undecomposed equalities and inequalities!
  // + Uz' * lambda(equ_undecomp)

  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    out	<< "\n||rGL_k||inf = " << rGL_k.norm_inf() << "\n";
  }

  if( static_cast<int>(ns_olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_VECTORS) ) {
    out	<< "\nrGL_k = \n" << rGL_k;
  }

  return true;
}
bool ReducedHessianSecantUpdateLPBFGS_Strategy::perform_update(
  DVectorSlice* s_bfgs, DVectorSlice* y_bfgs, bool first_update
  ,std::ostream& out, EJournalOutputLevel olevel, NLPAlgo *algo, NLPAlgoState *s
  ,MatrixOp *rHL_k
  )
{
  using std::setw;
  using std::endl;
  using std::right;
  using Teuchos::dyn_cast;
  namespace rcp = MemMngPack;
  using Teuchos::RCP;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using DenseLinAlgPack::dot;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::norm_inf;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::transVtMtV;
  typedef ConstrainedOptPack::MatrixHessianSuperBasic MHSB_t;
  using Teuchos::Workspace;
  Teuchos::WorkspaceStore* wss = Teuchos::get_default_workspace_store().get();

  if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
    out << "\n*** (LPBFGS) Full limited memory BFGS to projected BFGS ...\n";
  }

#ifdef _WINDOWS
  MHSB_t &rHL_super = dynamic_cast<MHSB_t&>(*rHL_k);
#else
  MHSB_t &rHL_super = dyn_cast<MHSB_t>(*rHL_k);
#endif

  const size_type
    n    = algo->nlp().n(),
    r    = algo->nlp().r(),
    n_pz = n-r;

  bool do_projected_rHL_RR = false;

  // See if we still have a limited memory BFGS update matrix
  RCP<MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS> // We don't want this to be deleted until we are done with it
    lbfgs_rHL_RR = Teuchos::rcp_const_cast<MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS>(
      Teuchos::rcp_dynamic_cast<const MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS>(rHL_super.B_RR_ptr()) );

  if( lbfgs_rHL_RR.get() && rHL_super.Q_R().is_identity()  ) {
    //
    // We have a limited memory BFGS matrix and have not started projected BFGS updating
    // yet so lets determine if it is time to consider switching
    //
    // Check that the current update is sufficiently p.d. before we do anything
    const value_type
      sTy = dot(*s_bfgs,*y_bfgs),
      yTy = dot(*y_bfgs,*y_bfgs);
    if( !ConstrainedOptPack::BFGS_sTy_suff_p_d(
      *s_bfgs,*y_bfgs,&sTy
      ,  int(olevel) >= int(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ? &out : NULL )
      && !proj_bfgs_updater().bfgs_update().use_dampening()
      )
    {
      if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out	<< "\nWarning!  use_damening == false so there is no way we can perform any"
            " kind of BFGS update (projected or not) so we will skip it!\n";
      }
      quasi_newton_stats_(*s).set_k(0).set_updated_stats(
        QuasiNewtonStats::INDEF_SKIPED );
      return true;
    }
    // Consider if we can even look at the active set yet.
    const bool consider_switch  = lbfgs_rHL_RR->num_secant_updates() >= min_num_updates_proj_start();
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out << "\nnum_previous_updates = " << lbfgs_rHL_RR->num_secant_updates()
        << ( consider_switch ? " >= " : " < " )
        << "min_num_updates_proj_start = " << min_num_updates_proj_start()
        << ( consider_switch
           ? "\nConsidering if we should switch to projected BFGS updating of superbasics ...\n"
           : "\nNot time to consider switching to projected BFGS updating of superbasics yet!" );
    }
    if( consider_switch ) {
      // 
      // Our job here is to determine if it is time to switch to projected projected
      // BFGS updating.
      //
      if( act_set_stats_(*s).updated_k(-1) ) {
        if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
          out	<< "\nDetermining if projected BFGS updating of superbasics should begin ...\n";
        }
        // Determine if the active set has calmed down enough
        const SpVector
          &nu_km1 = s->nu().get_k(-1);
        const SpVectorSlice
          nu_indep = nu_km1(s->var_indep());
        const bool 
          act_set_calmed_down
          = PBFGSPack::act_set_calmed_down(
            act_set_stats_(*s).get_k(-1)
            ,proj_bfgs_updater().act_set_frac_proj_start()
            ,olevel,out
            ),
          max_num_updates_exceeded
          = lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar() >= max_num_updates_proj_start();
        do_projected_rHL_RR = act_set_calmed_down || max_num_updates_exceeded;
        if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
          if( act_set_calmed_down ) {
            out << "\nThe active set has calmed down enough so lets further consider switching to\n"
              << "projected BFGS updating of superbasic variables ...\n";
          }
          else if( max_num_updates_exceeded ) {
            out << "\nThe active set has not calmed down enough but num_previous_updates = "
              << lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar() << " >= max_num_updates_proj_start = "	<< max_num_updates_proj_start()
              << "\nso we will further consider switching to projected BFGS updating of superbasic variables ...\n";
          }
          else {
            out << "\nIt is not time to switch to projected BFGS so just keep performing full limited memory BFGS for now ...\n";
          }
        }
        if( do_projected_rHL_RR ) {
          //
          // Determine the set of initially fixed and free independent variables.
          //
          typedef Workspace<size_type>                              i_x_t;
          typedef Workspace<ConstrainedOptPack::EBounds>   bnd_t;
          i_x_t   i_x_free(wss,n_pz);
          i_x_t   i_x_fixed(wss,n_pz);
          bnd_t   bnd_fixed(wss,n_pz);
          i_x_t   l_x_fixed_sorted(wss,n_pz);
          size_type n_pz_X = 0, n_pz_R = 0;
          // rHL = rHL_scale * I
          value_type
            rHL_scale = sTy > 0.0 ? yTy/sTy : 1.0;
          if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
            out	<< "\nScaling for diagonal intitial rHL = rHL_scale*I, rHL_scale = " << rHL_scale << std::endl;
          }
          value_type sRTBRRsR = 0.0, sRTyR = 0.0, sXTBXXsX = 0.0, sXTyX = 0.0;
          // Get the elements in i_x_free[] for variables that are definitely free
          // and initialize s_R'*B_RR*s_R and s_R'*y_R
          PBFGSPack::init_i_x_free_sRTsR_sRTyR(
            nu_indep, *s_bfgs, *y_bfgs
            , &n_pz_R, &i_x_free[0], &sRTBRRsR, &sRTyR );
          sRTBRRsR *= rHL_scale;
          Workspace<value_type> rHL_XX_diag_ws(wss,nu_indep.nz());
          DVectorSlice rHL_XX_diag(&rHL_XX_diag_ws[0],rHL_XX_diag_ws.size());
          rHL_XX_diag = rHL_scale;
          // Sort fixed variables according to |s_X(i)^2*B_XX(i,i)|/|sRTBRRsR| + |s_X(i)*y_X(i)|/|sRTyR|
          // and initialize s_X'*B_XX*s_X and s_X*y_X
          PBFGSPack::sort_fixed_max_cond_viol(
            nu_indep,*s_bfgs,*y_bfgs,rHL_XX_diag,sRTBRRsR,sRTyR
            ,&sXTBXXsX,&sXTyX,&l_x_fixed_sorted[0]);
          // Pick initial set of i_x_free[] and i_x_fixed[] (sorted!)
          PBFGSPack::choose_fixed_free(
            proj_bfgs_updater().project_error_tol()
            ,proj_bfgs_updater().super_basic_mult_drop_tol(),nu_indep
            ,*s_bfgs,*y_bfgs,rHL_XX_diag,&l_x_fixed_sorted[0]
            ,olevel,out,&sRTBRRsR,&sRTyR,&sXTBXXsX,&sXTyX
            ,&n_pz_X,&n_pz_R,&i_x_free[0],&i_x_fixed[0],&bnd_fixed[0] );
          if( n_pz_R < n_pz ) {
            //
            // We are ready to transition to projected BFGS updating!
            //
            // Determine if we are be using dense or limited memory BFGS?
            const bool
              low_num_super_basics = n_pz_R <= num_superbasics_switch_dense();
            if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_BASIC_ALGORITHM_INFO) ) {
              out	<< "\nSwitching to projected BFGS updating ..."
                << "\nn_pz_R = " << n_pz_R << ( low_num_super_basics ? " <= " : " > " )
                << " num_superbasics_switch_dense = " << num_superbasics_switch_dense()
                << ( low_num_super_basics
                   ? "\nThere are not too many superbasic variables so use dense projected BFGS ...\n"
                   : "\nThere are too many superbasic variables so use limited memory projected BFGS ...\n"
                  );
            }
            // Create new matrix to use for rHL_RR initialized to rHL_RR = rHL_scale*I
            RCP<MatrixSymSecant>
              rHL_RR = NULL;
            if( low_num_super_basics ) {
              rHL_RR = new MatrixSymPosDefCholFactor(
                NULL    // Let it allocate its own memory
                ,NULL   // ...
                ,n_pz   // maximum size
                ,lbfgs_rHL_RR->maintain_original()
                ,lbfgs_rHL_RR->maintain_inverse()
                );
            }
            else {
              rHL_RR = new MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS(
                n_pz, lbfgs_rHL_RR->m()
                ,lbfgs_rHL_RR->maintain_original()
                ,lbfgs_rHL_RR->maintain_inverse()
                ,lbfgs_rHL_RR->auto_rescaling()
                );
            }
            rHL_RR->init_identity( n_pz_R, rHL_scale );
            if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ITERATION_QUANTITIES) ) {
              out << "\nrHL_RR after intialized to rHL_RR = rHL_scale*I but before performing current BFGS update:\nrHL_RR =\n"
                << dynamic_cast<MatrixOp&>(*rHL_RR); // I know this is okay!
            }
            // Initialize rHL_XX = rHL_scale*I
#ifdef _WINDOWS
            MatrixSymInitDiag
              &rHL_XX = dynamic_cast<MatrixSymInitDiag&>(
                const_cast<MatrixSymOp&>(*rHL_super.B_XX_ptr()));
#else
            MatrixSymInitDiag
              &rHL_XX = dyn_cast<MatrixSymInitDiag>(
                const_cast<MatrixSymOp&>(*rHL_super.B_XX_ptr()));
#endif
            rHL_XX.init_identity( n_pz_X, rHL_scale );
            // Reinitialize rHL
            rHL_super.initialize(
              n_pz, n_pz_R, &i_x_free[0], &i_x_fixed[0], &bnd_fixed[0]
              ,Teuchos::rcp_const_cast<const MatrixSymWithOpFactorized>(
                Teuchos::rcp_dynamic_cast<MatrixSymWithOpFactorized>(rHL_RR))
              ,NULL,BLAS_Cpp::no_trans,rHL_super.B_XX_ptr()
              );
            //
            // Perform the current BFGS update first
            //
            MatrixSymOp
              &rHL_RR_op = dynamic_cast<MatrixSymOp&>(*rHL_RR);
            const GenPermMatrixSlice
              &Q_R = rHL_super.Q_R(),
              &Q_X = rHL_super.Q_X();
            // Get projected BFGS update vectors y_bfgs_R, s_bfgs_R
            Workspace<value_type>
              y_bfgs_R_ws(wss,Q_R.cols()),
              s_bfgs_R_ws(wss,Q_R.cols()),
              y_bfgs_X_ws(wss,Q_X.cols()),
              s_bfgs_X_ws(wss,Q_X.cols());
            DVectorSlice y_bfgs_R(&y_bfgs_R_ws[0],y_bfgs_R_ws.size());
            DVectorSlice s_bfgs_R(&s_bfgs_R_ws[0],s_bfgs_R_ws.size());
            DVectorSlice y_bfgs_X(&y_bfgs_X_ws[0],y_bfgs_X_ws.size());
            DVectorSlice s_bfgs_X(&s_bfgs_X_ws[0],s_bfgs_X_ws.size());
            V_MtV( &y_bfgs_R, Q_R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *y_bfgs );  // y_bfgs_R = Q_R'*y_bfgs
            V_MtV( &s_bfgs_R, Q_R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *s_bfgs );  // s_bfgs_R = Q_R'*s_bfgs
            V_MtV( &y_bfgs_X, Q_X, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *y_bfgs );  // y_bfgs_X = Q_X'*y_bfgs
            V_MtV( &s_bfgs_X, Q_X, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *s_bfgs );  // s_bfgs_X = Q_X'*s_bfgs
            // Update rHL_RR
            if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
              out << "\nPerform current BFGS update on " << n_pz_R << " x " << n_pz_R << " projected "
                << "reduced Hessian for the superbasic variables where B = rHL_RR...\n";
            }
            QuasiNewtonStats quasi_newton_stats;
            proj_bfgs_updater().bfgs_update().perform_update(
              &s_bfgs_R(),&y_bfgs_R(),false,out,olevel,algo->algo_cntr().check_results()
              ,&rHL_RR_op, &quasi_newton_stats );
            // Perform previous updates if possible
            if( lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar() ) {
              const size_type num_add_updates = std::_MIN(num_add_recent_updates(),lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar());
              if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
                out	<< "\nAdd the min(num_previous_updates,num_add_recent_updates) = min(" << lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar()
                  << "," << num_add_recent_updates() << ") = " << num_add_updates << " most recent BFGS updates if possible ...\n";
              }
              // Now add previous update vectors
              const value_type
                project_error_tol = proj_bfgs_updater().project_error_tol();
              const DMatrixSlice
                S = lbfgs_rHL_RR->S(),
                Y = lbfgs_rHL_RR->Y();
              size_type k = lbfgs_rHL_RR->k_bar();  // Location in S and Y of most recent update vectors
              for( size_type l = 1; l <= num_add_updates; ++l, --k ) {
                if(k == 0) k = lbfgs_rHL_RR->m_bar();  // see MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS
                // Check to see if this update satisfies the required conditions.
                // Start with the condition on s'*y since this are cheap to check.
                V_MtV( &s_bfgs_X(), Q_X, BLAS_Cpp::trans, S.col(k) ); // s_bfgs_X = Q_X'*s_bfgs
                V_MtV( &y_bfgs_X(), Q_X, BLAS_Cpp::trans, Y.col(k) ); // y_bfgs_X = Q_X'*y_bfgs
                sRTyR    = dot( s_bfgs_R, y_bfgs_R );
                sXTyX    = dot( s_bfgs_X, y_bfgs_X );
                bool
                  sXTyX_cond    = ::fabs(sXTyX/sRTyR) <= project_error_tol,
                  do_update     = sXTyX_cond,
                  sXTBXXsX_cond = false;
                if( sXTyX_cond ) {
                  // Check the second more expensive condition
                  V_MtV( &s_bfgs_R(), Q_R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, S.col(k) ); // s_bfgs_R = Q_R'*s_bfgs
                  V_MtV( &y_bfgs_R(), Q_R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, Y.col(k) ); // y_bfgs_R = Q_R'*y_bfgs
                  sRTBRRsR = transVtMtV( s_bfgs_R, rHL_RR_op, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, s_bfgs_R );
                  sXTBXXsX = rHL_scale * dot( s_bfgs_X, s_bfgs_X );
                  sXTBXXsX_cond = sXTBXXsX/sRTBRRsR <= project_error_tol;
                  do_update     = sXTBXXsX_cond && sXTyX_cond;
                }
                if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
                  out << "\n---------------------------------------------------------------------"
                    << "\nprevious update " << l
                    << "\n\nChecking projection error:\n"
                    << "\n|s_X'*y_X|/|s_R'*y_R| = |" << sXTyX << "|/|" << sRTyR
                    << "| = " << ::fabs(sXTyX/sRTyR)
                    << ( sXTyX_cond ? " <= " : " > " ) << " project_error_tol = "
                    << project_error_tol;
                  if( sXTyX_cond ) {
                    out	<< "\n(s_X'*rHL_XX*s_X/s_R'*rHL_RR*s_R) = (" << sXTBXXsX
                        << ") = " << (sXTBXXsX/sRTBRRsR)
                        << ( sXTBXXsX_cond ? " <= " : " > " ) << " project_error_tol = "
                        << project_error_tol;
                  }
                  out << ( do_update
                    ? "\n\nAttemping to add this previous update where B = rHL_RR ...\n"
                    : "\n\nCan not add this previous update ...\n" );
                }
                if( do_update ) {
                  // ( rHL_RR, s_bfgs_R, y_bfgs_R ) -> rHL_RR (this should not throw an exception!)
                  try {
                    proj_bfgs_updater().bfgs_update().perform_update(
                      &s_bfgs_R(),&y_bfgs_R(),false,out,olevel,algo->algo_cntr().check_results()
                      ,&rHL_RR_op, &quasi_newton_stats );
                  }
                  catch( const MatrixSymSecant::UpdateSkippedException& excpt ) {
                    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
                      out	<< "\nOops!  The " << l << "th most recent BFGS update was rejected?:\n"
                        << excpt.what() << std::endl;
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
              if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
                out << "\n---------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
                }
              if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ITERATION_QUANTITIES) ) {
                out << "\nrHL_RR after adding previous BFGS updates:\nrHL_BRR =\n"
                  << dynamic_cast<MatrixOp&>(*rHL_RR);
              }
            }
            else {
              if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
                out	<< "\nThere were no previous update vectors to add!\n";
              }
            }
            if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ITERATION_QUANTITIES) ) {
              out << "\nFull rHL after complete reinitialization:\nrHL =\n" << *rHL_k;
            }
            quasi_newton_stats_(*s).set_k(0).set_updated_stats(
              QuasiNewtonStats::REINITIALIZED );
            return true;
          }
          else {
            if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
              out << "\nn_pz_R == n_pz = " << n_pz_R << ", No variables would be removed from "
                << "the superbasis so just keep on performing limited memory BFGS for now ...\n";
            }
            do_projected_rHL_RR = false;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // If we have not switched to PBFGS then just update the full limited memory BFGS matrix
    if(!do_projected_rHL_RR) {
      if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
        out << "\nPerform current BFGS update on " << n_pz << " x " << n_pz << " full "
          << "limited memory reduced Hessian B = rHL ...\n";
      }
      proj_bfgs_updater().bfgs_update().perform_update(
        s_bfgs,y_bfgs,first_update,out,olevel,algo->algo_cntr().check_results()
        ,lbfgs_rHL_RR.get()
        ,&quasi_newton_stats_(*s).set_k(0)
        );
      return true;
    }
  }
  else {
    if( static_cast<int>(olevel) >= static_cast<int>(PRINT_ALGORITHM_STEPS) ) {
      out	<< "\nWe have already switched to projected BFGS updating ...\n";
    }
  }
  //
  // If we get here then we must have switched to
  // projected updating so lets just pass it on!
  //
  return proj_bfgs_updater().perform_update(
    s_bfgs,y_bfgs,first_update,out,olevel,algo,s,rHL_k);
}
void MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS::secant_update(
  VectorMutable* s, VectorMutable* y, VectorMutable* Bs
  )
{
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::BFGS_sTy_suff_p_d;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::dot;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using Teuchos::Workspace;
  Teuchos::WorkspaceStore* wss = Teuchos::get_default_workspace_store().get();

  assert_initialized();

  // Check skipping the BFGS update
  const value_type
    sTy	      = dot(*s,*y);
  std::ostringstream omsg;
  if( !BFGS_sTy_suff_p_d(*s,*y,&sTy,&omsg,"MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS::secant_update(...)" ) ) {
    throw UpdateSkippedException( omsg.str() );	
  }

  try {

  // Update counters
  if( m_bar_ == m_ ) {
    // We are at the end of the storage so remove the oldest stored update
    // and move updates to make room for the new update.  This has to be done for the
    // the matrix to behave properly
    {for( size_type k = 1; k <= m_-1; ++k ) {
      S_->col(k) = S_->col(k+1);                            // Shift S.col() to the left
      Y_->col(k) = Y_->col(k+1);                            // Shift Y.col() to the left
      STY_.col(k)(1,m_-1) = STY_.col(k+1)(2,m_);            // Move submatrix STY(2,m-1,2,m-1) up and left
      STSYTY_.col(k)(k+1,m_) = STSYTY_.col(k+1)(k+2,m_+1);  // Move triangular submatrix STS(2,m-1,2,m-1) up and left
      STSYTY_.col(k+1)(1,k) = STSYTY_.col(k+2)(2,k+1);      // Move triangular submatrix YTY(2,m-1,2,m-1) up and left
    }}
    // ToDo: Create an abstract interface, call it MultiVectorShiftVecs, to rearrange S and Y all at once.
    // This will be important for parallel performance.
  }
  else {
    m_bar_++;
  }
  // Set the update vectors
  *S_->col(m_bar_) = *s;
  *Y_->col(m_bar_) = *y;

  // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Update S'Y
  //
  // Update the row and column m_bar
  //
  //	S'Y = 
  //
  //	[	s(1)'*y(1)		...		s(1)'*y(m_bar)		...		s(1)'*y(m_bar)		]
  //	[	.						.							.					] row
  //	[	s(m_bar)'*y(1)	...		s(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	...		s(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	] m_bar
  //	[	.						.							.					]
  //	[	s(m_bar)'*y(1)	...		s(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	...		s(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	]
  //
  //								col m_bar
  //
  // Therefore we set:
  //	(S'Y)(:,m_bar) =  S'*y(m_bar)
  //	(S'Y)(m_bar,:) =  s(m_bar)'*Y

  const multi_vec_ptr_t
    S = this->S(),
    Y = this->Y();

  VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
    t = S->space_rows().create_member();  // temporary workspace

  //	(S'Y)(:,m_bar) =  S'*y(m_bar)
  V_MtV( t.get(), *S, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *y );
  STY_.col(m_bar_)(1,m_bar_) = VectorDenseEncap(*t)();

  //	(S'Y)(m_bar,:)' =  Y'*s(m_bar)
  V_MtV( t.get(), *Y, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *s );
  STY_.row(m_bar_)(1,m_bar_) = VectorDenseEncap(*t)();

  // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Update S'S
  //
  //	S'S = 
  //
  //	[	s(1)'*s(1)		...		symmetric					symmetric			]
  //	[	.						.							.					] row
  //	[	s(m_bar)'*s(1)	...		s(m_bar)'*s(m_bar)	...		symmetric			] m_bar
  //	[	.						.							.					]
  //	[	s(m_bar)'*s(1)	...		s(m_bar)'*s(m_bar)	...		s(m_bar)'*s(m_bar)	]
  //
  //								col m_bar
  //
  // Here we will update the lower triangular part of S'S.  To do this we
  // only need to compute:
  //		t = S'*s(m_bar) = { s(m_bar)' * [ s(1),..,s(m_bar),..,s(m_bar) ]  }'
  // then set the appropriate rows and columns of S'S.

  Workspace<value_type>   work_ws(wss,m_bar_);
  DVectorSlice                  work(&work_ws[0],work_ws.size());

  // work = S'*s(m_bar)
  V_MtV( t.get(), *S, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *s );
  work = VectorDenseEncap(*t)();

  // Set row elements
  STSYTY_.row(m_bar_+1)(1,m_bar_) = work;
  // Set column elements
  STSYTY_.col(m_bar_)(m_bar_+1,m_bar_+1) = work(m_bar_,m_bar_);

  // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Update Y'Y
  //
  // Update the row and column m_bar
  //
  //	Y'Y = 
  //
  //	[	y(1)'*y(1)		...		y(1)'*y(m_bar)		...		y(1)'*y(m_bar)		]
  //	[	.						.							.					] row
  //	[	symmetric		...		y(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	...		y(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	] m_bar
  //	[	.						.							.					]
  //	[	symmetric		...		symmetric			...		y(m_bar)'*y(m_bar)	]
  //
  //								col m_bar
  //
  // Here we will update the upper triangular part of Y'Y.  To do this we
  // only need to compute:
  //		t = Y'*y(m_bar) = { y(m_bar)' * [ y(1),..,y(m_bar),..,y(m_bar) ]  }'
  // then set the appropriate rows and columns of Y'Y.

  // work = Y'*y(m_bar)
  V_MtV( t.get(), *Y, BLAS_Cpp::trans, *y );
  work = VectorDenseEncap(*t)();

  // Set row elements
  STSYTY_.col(m_bar_+1)(1,m_bar_) = work;
  // Set column elements
  STSYTY_.row(m_bar_)(m_bar_+1,m_bar_+1) = work(m_bar_,m_bar_);

  // /////////////////////////////
  // Update gamma_k

  // gamma_k = s'*y / y'*y
  if(auto_rescaling_)
    gamma_k_ = STY_(m_bar_,m_bar_) / STSYTY_(m_bar_,m_bar_+1);

  // We do not initially update Q unless we have to form a matrix-vector
  // product later.
  
  Q_updated_ = false;
  num_secant_updates_++;

  }	//	end try
  catch(...) {
    // If we throw any exception the we should make the matrix uninitialized
    // so that we do not leave this object in an inconsistant state.
    n_ = 0;
    throw;
  }

}
void MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS::V_InvMtV(
  VectorMutable* y, BLAS_Cpp::Transp trans_rhs1
  , const Vector& x
  ) const
{
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::Vp_StMtV;
  using DenseLinAlgPack::V_InvMtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_mV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_V;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StMtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::Vp_MtV;
  using DenseLinAlgPack::Vp_StMtV;
  typedef VectorDenseEncap         vde;
  typedef VectorDenseMutableEncap  vdme;
  using Teuchos::Workspace;
  Teuchos::WorkspaceStore* wss = Teuchos::get_default_workspace_store().get();

  assert_initialized();

  TEUCHOS_TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !(  inverse_is_updated_  ) ); // For now just always update

  // y = inv(Bk) * x = Hk * x
  //
  // = gk*x + [S gk*Y] * [ inv(R')*(D+gk*Y'Y)*inv(R)     -inv(R') ] * [   S'  ] * x
  //                     [            -inv(R)                0    ]   [ gk*Y' ]
  //
  // Perform in the following (in order):
  //
  // y = gk*x
  //
  // t1 = [   S'*x  ]					<: R^(2*m)
  //      [ gk*Y'*x ]
  //
  // t2 = inv(R) * t1(1:m)			<: R^(m)
  //
  // t3 = - inv(R') * t1(m+1,2*m)		<: R^(m)
  //
  // t4 = gk * Y'Y * t2				<: R^(m)
  //
  // t4 += D*t2
  //
  // t5 = inv(R') * t4				<: R^(m)
  //
  // t5 += t3
  //
  // y += S*t5
  //
  // y += -gk*Y*t2

  // y = gk*x
  V_StV( y, gamma_k_, x );

  const size_type
    mb = m_bar_;	
  
  if( !mb )
    return;	// No updates have been performed.

  const multi_vec_ptr_t
    S = this->S(),
    Y = this->Y();

  // Get workspace

  Workspace<value_type>    t1_ws(wss,2*mb);
  DVectorSlice                   t1(&t1_ws[0],t1_ws.size());
  Workspace<value_type>    t2_ws(wss,mb);
  DVectorSlice                   t2(&t2_ws[0],t2_ws.size());
  Workspace<value_type>    t3_ws(wss,mb);
  DVectorSlice                   t3(&t3_ws[0],t3_ws.size());
  Workspace<value_type>    t4_ws(wss,mb);
  DVectorSlice                   t4(&t4_ws[0],t4_ws.size());
  Workspace<value_type>    t5_ws(wss,mb);
  DVectorSlice                   t5(&t5_ws[0],t5_ws.size());

  VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
    t = S->space_rows().create_member();

  const DMatrixSliceTri
    &R = this->R();

  const DMatrixSliceSym
    &YTY = this->YTY();

  // t1 = [   S'*x  ]
  //      [ gk*Y'*x ]
  V_MtV( t.get(), *S, BLAS_Cpp::trans, x );
  t1(1,mb) = vde(*t)();
  V_StMtV( t.get(), gamma_k_, *Y, BLAS_Cpp::trans, x );
  t1(mb+1,2*mb) = vde(*t)();

  // t2 = inv(R) * t1(1:m)
  V_InvMtV( &t2, R, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, t1(1,mb) );

  // t3 = - inv(R') * t1(m+1,2*m)
  V_mV( &t3, t1(mb+1,2*mb) );
  V_InvMtV( &t3, R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, t3 );

  // t4 = gk * Y'Y * t2
  V_StMtV( &t4, gamma_k_, YTY, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, t2 );

  // t4 += D*t2
  Vp_DtV( &t4, t2 );

  // t5 = inv(R') * t4
  V_InvMtV( &t5, R, BLAS_Cpp::trans, t4 );

  // t5 += t3
  Vp_V( &t5, t3 );

  // y += S*t5
  (vdme(*t)() = t5);
  Vp_MtV( y, *S, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, *t );

  // y += -gk*Y*t2
  (vdme(*t)() = t2);
  Vp_StMtV( y, -gamma_k_, *Y, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, *t );

}
void MatrixSymPosDefLBFGS::Vp_StMtV(
    VectorMutable* y, value_type alpha, BLAS_Cpp::Transp trans_rhs1
  , const Vector& x, value_type beta
  ) const
{
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::Vt_S;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::Vp_StV;
  using AbstractLinAlgPack::Vp_StMtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_StMtV;
  using LinAlgOpPack::V_MtV;
  typedef VectorDenseEncap         vde;
  typedef VectorDenseMutableEncap  vdme;
  using Teuchos::Workspace;
  Teuchos::WorkspaceStore* wss = Teuchos::get_default_workspace_store().get();

  assert_initialized();

  TEUCHOS_TEST_FOR_EXCEPT( !(  original_is_updated_  ) ); // For now just always update

  // y = b*y + Bk * x
  //
  // y = b*y + (1/gk)*x - [ (1/gk)*S  Y ] * inv(Q) * [ (1/gk)*S' ] * x
  //                                                 [     Y'    ]
  // Perform the following operations (in order):
  //
  // y = b*y
  //
  // y += (1/gk)*x
  //
  // t1 = [ (1/gk)*S'*x ]		<: R^(2*m)
  //		[      Y'*x   ]
  //
  // t2 =	inv(Q) * t1			<: R^(2*m)
  //
  // y += -(1/gk) * S * t2(1:m)
  //
  // y += -1.0 * Y * t2(m+1,2m)

  const value_type
    invgk = 1.0 / gamma_k_;

  // y = b*y
  Vt_S( y, beta );

  // y += (1/gk)*x
  Vp_StV( y, invgk, x );

  if( !m_bar_ )
    return;	// No updates have been added yet.

  const multi_vec_ptr_t
    S = this->S(),
    Y = this->Y();

  // Get workspace

  const size_type
    mb = m_bar_;

  Workspace<value_type>  t1_ws(wss,2*mb);
  DVectorSlice                 t1(&t1_ws[0],t1_ws.size());
  Workspace<value_type>  t2_ws(wss,2*mb);
  DVectorSlice                 t2(&t2_ws[0],t2_ws.size());

  VectorSpace::vec_mut_ptr_t
    t = S->space_rows().create_member();

  // t1 = [ (1/gk)*S'*x ]
  //		[      Y'*x   ]

  V_StMtV( t.get(), invgk, *S, BLAS_Cpp::trans, x );
  t1(1,mb) = vde(*t)();
  V_MtV( t.get(), *Y, BLAS_Cpp::trans, x );
  t1(mb+1,2*mb) = vde(*t)();

  // t2 =	inv(Q) * t1
  V_invQtV( &t2, t1 );

  // y += -(1/gk) * S * t2(1:m)
  (vdme(*t)() = t2(1,mb));
  Vp_StMtV( y, -invgk, *S, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, *t );

  // y += -1.0 * Y * t2(m+1,2m
  (vdme(*t)() = t2(mb+1,2*mb));
  Vp_StMtV( y, -1.0, *Y, BLAS_Cpp::no_trans, *t );

}