// Scene Methods
void Scene::Render() {
// Allocate and initialize _sample_
Sample *sample = new Sample(surfaceIntegrator,
volumeIntegrator,
this);
// Allow integrators to do pre-processing for the scene
surfaceIntegrator->Preprocess(this);
volumeIntegrator->Preprocess(this);
// Trace rays: The main loop
ProgressReporter progress(sampler->TotalSamples(), "Rendering");
while (sampler->GetNextSample(sample)) {
// Find camera ray for _sample_
RayDifferential ray;
float rayWeight = camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray);
// Generate ray differentials for camera ray
++(sample->imageX);
camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray.rx);
--(sample->imageX);
++(sample->imageY);
camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray.ry);
ray.hasDifferentials = true;
--(sample->imageY);
// Evaluate radiance along camera ray
float alpha;
Spectrum Ls = 0.f;
if (rayWeight > 0.f)
Ls = rayWeight * Li(ray, sample, &alpha);
// Issue warning if unexpected radiance value returned
if (Ls.IsNaN()) {
Error("Not-a-number radiance value returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.");
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
}
else if (Ls.y() < -1e-5) {
Error("Negative luminance value, %g, returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.", Ls.y());
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
}
else if (isinf(Ls.y())) {
Error("Infinite luminance value returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.");
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
}
// Add sample contribution to image
camera->film->AddSample(*sample, ray, Ls, alpha);
// Free BSDF memory from computing image sample value
BSDF::FreeAll();
// Report rendering progress
static StatsCounter cameraRaysTraced("Camera", "Camera Rays Traced");
++cameraRaysTraced;
progress.Update();
}
// Clean up after rendering and store final image
delete sample;
progress.Done();
camera->film->WriteImage();
}
void LightCPURenderThread::RenderFunc() {
//SLG_LOG("[LightCPURenderThread::" << threadIndex << "] Rendering thread started");
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
LightCPURenderEngine *engine = (LightCPURenderEngine *)renderEngine;
RandomGenerator *rndGen = new RandomGenerator(engine->seedBase + threadIndex);
Scene *scene = engine->renderConfig->scene;
PerspectiveCamera *camera = scene->camera;
Film *film = threadFilm;
// Setup the sampler
double metropolisSharedTotalLuminance, metropolisSharedSampleCount;
Sampler *sampler = engine->renderConfig->AllocSampler(rndGen, film,
&metropolisSharedTotalLuminance, &metropolisSharedSampleCount);
const u_int sampleBootSize = 11;
const u_int sampleEyeStepSize = 4;
const u_int sampleLightStepSize = 5;
const u_int sampleSize =
sampleBootSize + // To generate the initial setup
engine->maxPathDepth * sampleEyeStepSize + // For each eye vertex
engine->maxPathDepth * sampleLightStepSize; // For each light vertex
sampler->RequestSamples(sampleSize);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Trace light paths
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
vector<SampleResult> sampleResults;
while (!boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()) {
sampleResults.clear();
// Select one light source
float lightPickPdf;
const LightSource *light = scene->SampleAllLights(sampler->GetSample(2), &lightPickPdf);
// Initialize the light path
float lightEmitPdfW;
Ray nextEventRay;
Spectrum lightPathFlux = light->Emit(scene,
sampler->GetSample(3), sampler->GetSample(4), sampler->GetSample(5), sampler->GetSample(6),
&nextEventRay.o, &nextEventRay.d, &lightEmitPdfW);
if (lightPathFlux.Black()) {
sampler->NextSample(sampleResults);
continue;
}
lightPathFlux /= lightEmitPdfW * lightPickPdf;
assert (!lightPathFlux.IsNaN() && !lightPathFlux.IsInf());
// Sample a point on the camera lens
Point lensPoint;
if (!camera->SampleLens(sampler->GetSample(7), sampler->GetSample(8),
&lensPoint)) {
sampler->NextSample(sampleResults);
continue;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// I don't try to connect the light vertex directly with the eye
// because InfiniteLight::Emit() returns a point on the scene bounding
// sphere. Instead, I trace a ray from the camera like in BiDir.
// This is also a good why to test the Film Per-Pixel-Normalization and
// the Per-Screen-Normalization Buffers used by BiDir.
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
TraceEyePath(sampler, &sampleResults);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Trace the light path
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
int depth = 1;
while (depth <= engine->maxPathDepth) {
const u_int sampleOffset = sampleBootSize + sampleEyeStepSize * engine->maxPathDepth +
(depth - 1) * sampleLightStepSize;
RayHit nextEventRayHit;
BSDF bsdf;
Spectrum connectionThroughput;
if (scene->Intersect(device, true, sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset),
&nextEventRay, &nextEventRayHit, &bsdf, &connectionThroughput)) {
// Something was hit
lightPathFlux *= connectionThroughput;
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// Try to connect the light path vertex with the eye
//--------------------------------------------------------------
ConnectToEye(sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 1),
bsdf, lensPoint, lightPathFlux, sampleResults);
if (depth >= engine->maxPathDepth)
break;
//--------------------------------------------------------------
// Build the next vertex path ray
//--------------------------------------------------------------
float bsdfPdf;
Vector sampledDir;
BSDFEvent event;
float cosSampleDir;
const Spectrum bsdfSample = bsdf.Sample(&sampledDir,
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 2),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 3),
&bsdfPdf, &cosSampleDir, &event);
if (bsdfSample.Black())
break;
if (depth >= engine->rrDepth) {
// Russian Roulette
const float prob = Max(bsdfSample.Filter(), engine->rrImportanceCap);
if (sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 4) < prob)
bsdfPdf *= prob;
else
break;
}
lightPathFlux *= bsdfSample * (cosSampleDir / bsdfPdf);
assert (!lightPathFlux.IsNaN() && !lightPathFlux.IsInf());
nextEventRay = Ray(bsdf.hitPoint, sampledDir);
++depth;
} else {
// Ray lost in space...
break;
}
}
sampler->NextSample(sampleResults);
#ifdef WIN32
// Work around Windows bad scheduling
renderThread->yield();
#endif
}
delete sampler;
delete rndGen;
//SLG_LOG("[LightCPURenderThread::" << threadIndex << "] Rendering thread halted");
}
void PathCPURenderThread::RenderFunc() {
//SLG_LOG("[PathCPURenderEngine::" << threadIndex << "] Rendering thread started");
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialization
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
PathCPURenderEngine *engine = (PathCPURenderEngine *)renderEngine;
RandomGenerator *rndGen = new RandomGenerator(engine->seedBase + threadIndex);
Scene *scene = engine->renderConfig->scene;
PerspectiveCamera *camera = scene->camera;
Film * film = threadFilm;
const unsigned int filmWidth = film->GetWidth();
const unsigned int filmHeight = film->GetHeight();
// Setup the sampler
double metropolisSharedTotalLuminance, metropolisSharedSampleCount;
Sampler *sampler = engine->renderConfig->AllocSampler(rndGen, film,
&metropolisSharedTotalLuminance, &metropolisSharedSampleCount);
const unsigned int sampleBootSize = 4;
const unsigned int sampleStepSize = 9;
const unsigned int sampleSize =
sampleBootSize + // To generate eye ray
engine->maxPathDepth * sampleStepSize; // For each path vertex
sampler->RequestSamples(sampleSize);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Trace paths
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
vector<SampleResult> sampleResults(1);
sampleResults[0].type = PER_PIXEL_NORMALIZED;
while (!boost::this_thread::interruption_requested()) {
float alpha = 1.f;
Ray eyeRay;
const float screenX = min(sampler->GetSample(0) * filmWidth, (float)(filmWidth - 1));
const float screenY = min(sampler->GetSample(1) * filmHeight, (float)(filmHeight - 1));
camera->GenerateRay(screenX, screenY, &eyeRay,
sampler->GetSample(2), sampler->GetSample(3));
int depth = 1;
bool lastSpecular = true;
float lastPdfW = 1.f;
Spectrum radiance;
Spectrum pathThrouput(1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
BSDF bsdf;
while (depth <= engine->maxPathDepth) {
const unsigned int sampleOffset = sampleBootSize + (depth - 1) * sampleStepSize;
RayHit eyeRayHit;
Spectrum connectionThroughput;
if (!scene->Intersect(device, false, sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset),
&eyeRay, &eyeRayHit, &bsdf, &connectionThroughput)) {
// Nothing was hit, look for infinitelight
DirectHitInfiniteLight(lastSpecular, pathThrouput * connectionThroughput, eyeRay.d,
lastPdfW, &radiance);
if (depth == 1)
alpha = 0.f;
break;
}
pathThrouput *= connectionThroughput;
// Something was hit
// Check if it is a light source
if (bsdf.IsLightSource()) {
DirectHitFiniteLight(lastSpecular, pathThrouput,
eyeRayHit.t, bsdf, lastPdfW, &radiance);
}
// Note: pass-through check is done inside SceneIntersect()
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// Direct light sampling
//------------------------------------------------------------------
DirectLightSampling(sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 1),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 2),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 3),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 4),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 5),
pathThrouput, bsdf, depth, &radiance);
//------------------------------------------------------------------
// Build the next vertex path ray
//------------------------------------------------------------------
Vector sampledDir;
BSDFEvent event;
float cosSampledDir;
const Spectrum bsdfSample = bsdf.Sample(&sampledDir,
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 6),
sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 7),
&lastPdfW, &cosSampledDir, &event);
if (bsdfSample.Black())
break;
lastSpecular = ((event & SPECULAR) != 0);
if ((depth >= engine->rrDepth) && !lastSpecular) {
// Russian Roulette
const float prob = Max(bsdfSample.Filter(), engine->rrImportanceCap);
if (sampler->GetSample(sampleOffset + 8) < prob)
lastPdfW *= prob;
else
break;
}
pathThrouput *= bsdfSample * (cosSampledDir / lastPdfW);
assert (!pathThrouput.IsNaN() && !pathThrouput.IsInf());
eyeRay = Ray(bsdf.hitPoint, sampledDir);
++depth;
}
assert (!radiance.IsNaN() && !radiance.IsInf());
sampleResults[0].screenX = screenX;
sampleResults[0].screenY = screenY;
sampleResults[0].radiance = radiance;
sampleResults[0].alpha = alpha;
sampler->NextSample(sampleResults);
#ifdef WIN32
// Work around Windows bad scheduling
renderThread->yield();
#endif
}
delete sampler;
delete rndGen;
//SLG_LOG("[PathCPURenderEngine::" << threadIndex << "] Rendering thread halted");
}
void NativeFilm::UpdateScreenBuffer() {
switch (toneMapParams->GetType()) {
case TONEMAP_LINEAR: {
const LinearToneMapParams &tm = (LinearToneMapParams &)(*toneMapParams);
const SamplePixel *sp = sampleFrameBuffer->GetPixels();
Pixel *p = frameBuffer->GetPixels();
const unsigned int pixelCount = width * height;
const float perScreenNormalizationFactor = tm.scale / (float)statsTotalSampleCount;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pixelCount; ++i) {
const float weight = sp[i].weight;
if (weight > 0.f) {
if (usePerScreenNormalization) {
p[i].r = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.r * perScreenNormalizationFactor);
p[i].g = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.g * perScreenNormalizationFactor);
p[i].b = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.b * perScreenNormalizationFactor);
} else {
const float invWeight = tm.scale / weight;
p[i].r = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.r * invWeight);
p[i].g = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.g * invWeight);
p[i].b = Radiance2PixelFloat(sp[i].radiance.b * invWeight);
}
} else {
p[i].r = 0.f;
p[i].g = 0.f;
p[i].b = 0.f;
}
}
break;
}
case TONEMAP_REINHARD02: {
const Reinhard02ToneMapParams &tm = (Reinhard02ToneMapParams &)(*toneMapParams);
const float alpha = .1f;
const float preScale = tm.preScale;
const float postScale = tm.postScale;
const float burn = tm.burn;
const SamplePixel *sp = sampleFrameBuffer->GetPixels();
Pixel *p = frameBuffer->GetPixels();
const unsigned int pixelCount = width * height;
const float perScreenNormalizationFactor = 1.f / (float)statsTotalSampleCount;
// Use the frame buffer as temporary storage and calculate the average luminance
float Ywa = 0.f;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pixelCount; ++i) {
const float weight = sp[i].weight;
Spectrum rgb = sp[i].radiance;
if ((weight > 0.f) && !rgb.IsNaN()) {
if (usePerScreenNormalization)
rgb *= perScreenNormalizationFactor;
else
rgb /= weight;
// Convert to XYZ color space
p[i].r = 0.412453f * rgb.r + 0.357580f * rgb.g + 0.180423f * rgb.b;
p[i].g = 0.212671f * rgb.r + 0.715160f * rgb.g + 0.072169f * rgb.b;
p[i].b = 0.019334f * rgb.r + 0.119193f * rgb.g + 0.950227f * rgb.b;
Ywa += p[i].g;
} else {
p[i].r = 0.f;
p[i].g = 0.f;
p[i].b = 0.f;
}
}
Ywa /= pixelCount;
// Avoid division by zero
if (Ywa == 0.f)
Ywa = 1.f;
const float Yw = preScale * alpha * burn;
const float invY2 = 1.f / (Yw * Yw);
const float pScale = postScale * preScale * alpha / Ywa;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pixelCount; ++i) {
Spectrum xyz = p[i];
const float ys = xyz.g;
xyz *= pScale * (1.f + ys * invY2) / (1.f + ys);
// Convert back to RGB color space
p[i].r = 3.240479f * xyz.r - 1.537150f * xyz.g - 0.498535f * xyz.b;
p[i].g = -0.969256f * xyz.r + 1.875991f * xyz.g + 0.041556f * xyz.b;
p[i].b = 0.055648f * xyz.r - 0.204043f * xyz.g + 1.057311f * xyz.b;
// Gamma correction
p[i].r = Radiance2PixelFloat(p[i].r);
p[i].g = Radiance2PixelFloat(p[i].g);
p[i].b = Radiance2PixelFloat(p[i].b);
}
break;
}
default:
assert (false);
break;
}
}
// Scene Methods
void Scene::Render() {
/*if(!Spectrum::SpectrumTest())
{
printf("FAILED spectrum unit test. NO rendering allowed.\n");
return;
}else{
printf("PASSED spectrum unit test. YES!\n");
}*/
// Allocate and initialize _sample_
Sample *sample = new Sample(surfaceIntegrator,
volumeIntegrator,
this);
// Allow integrators to do pre-processing for the scene
surfaceIntegrator->Preprocess(this);
volumeIntegrator->Preprocess(this);
camera->AutoFocus(this);
// Trace rays: The main loop
ProgressReporter progress(sampler->TotalSamples(), "Rendering");
while (sampler->GetNextSample(sample)) {
// Find camera ray for _sample_
RayDifferential ray;
float rayWeight = camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray);
// Generate ray differentials for camera ray
++(sample->imageX);
float wt1 = camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray.rx);
--(sample->imageX);
++(sample->imageY);
float wt2 = camera->GenerateRay(*sample, &ray.ry);
if (wt1 > 0 && wt2 > 0) ray.hasDifferentials = true;
--(sample->imageY);
// Evaluate radiance along camera ray
float alpha = 1.f;//initialized to count rayWeight 0 as opaque black
Spectrum Ls = 0.f;
if (rayWeight > 0.f)
{
Ls = rayWeight * Li(ray, sample, &alpha);
// Ls = Li(ray, sample, &alpha);
//printf("Li Value: ");
//Ls.printSelf();
}
// Issue warning if unexpected radiance value returned
if (Ls.IsNaN()) {
Error("Not-a-number radiance value returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.");
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
//printf("NAN ALERT\n");
}
else if (Ls.y() < -1e-5) {
Error("Negative luminance value, %g, returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.", Ls.y());
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
//printf("NEGATIVE LUMINANCE ALERT\n");
}
else if (isinf(Ls.y())) {
Error("Infinite luminance value returned "
"for image sample. Setting to black.");
Ls = Spectrum(0.f);
//printf("INFINITE LUMINANCE ALERT\n");
}
// Add sample contribution to image
camera->film->AddSample(*sample, ray, Ls, alpha);
// Free BSDF memory from computing image sample value
BSDF::FreeAll();
// Report rendering progress
static StatsCounter cameraRaysTraced("Camera", "Camera Rays Traced");
++cameraRaysTraced;
progress.Update();
}
// Clean up after rendering and store final image
delete sample;
progress.Done();
camera->film->WriteImage();
}
